ArticleMed (New York, N.Y.)2021
Increased Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism with Cancer Immunotherapy.
Article in Med (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular toxicity induced by immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Associations Between Immune-Related Venous Thromboembolism and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- A Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Pembrolizumab plus Interleukin 12 Gene Therapy in Nonmetastatic, Anthracycline-Refractory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (INTEGRAL).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Transcriptomic Profiling and WGCNA Identify ALOX5 as a Key Regulator of Iron Metabolism and Immune Crosstalk in Venous Thromboembolism.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Predictive value of combined inflammatory and coagulation markers for immune-related pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients on immunotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Thrombosis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Contemporary Challenges in Venous Thromboembolism: Evolving Populations and Implications for Management and Risk Stratification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The public health impact of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: looking to the future.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Incidence and risk factors of venous and arterial thromboembolism events in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for venous thromboembolism risk prediction in patients with lung cancer: a real-world study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- [Side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors : Focus on pulmonary events].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Respiratory adverse events associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: an analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Activated protein C promotes human lung cancer progression through the release of tumor extracellular vesicles and transfer of microRNA-200a.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Association of risk factors for venous thromboembolism and overall survival in lung cancer.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- Trends in pulmonary embolism mortality in cancer patients in the United States from 1999-2022- A CDC Wonder database study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Venous Thromboembolic Events in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Validation of risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer receiving systemic therapies.Blood advances · 2025Observational
- Immunotherapy-associated hemostatic abnormalities: bleeding and thrombotic complications.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Emerging Association Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thrombosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCancer immunotherapy is associated with several immune-related adverse events, but the relationship between immunotherapy and venous thromboembolism has not been thoroughly studied.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,686 patients who received immunotherapy for a variety of malignancies to determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism and the impact of venous thromboembolism on survival. To examine the potential role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism, we also profiled immune cells and plasma cytokines in blood samples obtained prior to initiation of immunotherapy in a sub-cohort of patients treated on clinical trials who subsequently did (N = 15), or did not (N = 10) develop venous thromboembolism.
findingsVenous thromboembolism occurred while on immunotherapy in 404/1686 patients (24%) and was associated with decreased overall survival [HR=1.22 (95% CI 1.06-1.41), p<0.008]. Patients that developed venous thromboembolism had significantly higher pretreatment levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (5.382 ± 0.873 vs. 3.341 ± 0.3402, mean ± SEM; p=0.0045), interleukin 8 (221.2 ± 37.53 vs. 111.6 ± 25.36, mean ± SEM; p=0.016), and soluble vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (1210 ± 120.6 vs. 895.5 ± 53.34, mean ± SEM; p=0.0385).
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that venous thromboembolism is an underappreciated and important immune-related adverse event associated with cancer immunotherapy, and may implicate an interleukin 8 and myeloid-derived suppressor cell-driven pathway in pathogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.