ArticleBioMed research international2021
In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material for Dental Implants.
Article in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polymethyl methacrylate-hydroxyapatite: A viable non-metallic alternative for dental implants? Comprehensive surface characterization.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Advancing Scoliosis Treatment with Patient-Specific Functionally Graded NiTi-SMA Rods: Key Considerations and Development Objectives.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Histomorphometric and microtomographic evaluation of hydroxyapatite coated implants and L-PRF in over drilled bone sites in sheep.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hydroxyapatite from Mollusk Shells: Characteristics, Production, and Potential Applications in Dentistry.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Numerical Optimization of Functionally Graded Ti-HAP Material for Tibial Bone Fixation System.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe stress shielding effect caused due to the mechanical mismatch between the solid titanium and the surrounding bone tissue warrants the utilization of a mechanically and biologically compatible material such as the titanium-hydroxyapatite (Ti-HA) functionally graded material (FGM) for dental implants. This study is aimed at fabricating a Ti-HA FGM with superior mechanical and biological properties for dental implantation. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe fabricated a Ti-HA FGM with different Ti volume fractions (VFs) using HA and Ti powders. Ti-HA was characterized by studying its mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity was examined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and an LDH cell cytotoxicity assay. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on an XL30 environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transforming growth factor (TGF-
resultsThe density and mechanical properties of the Ti-HA exhibited various graded distributions corresponding to VF. Based on the results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, the difference in cytotoxicity between the two groups was statistically nonsignificant (
conclusionTi-HA FGM contributes to the osteogenesis of dental implants in vivo and in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.