ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021
The 2020 Facial Transplantation Update: A 15-Year Compendium.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Malignancies after vascularized composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation: Mapping global research trends and scientific impact.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Maximizing Neurovascular Outcomes of Facial Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Is There an Increasing Interest in Vascular Composite Allotransplantation? A Search Trends Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Mortality and graft loss in face transplantation: lessons from two decades of experience.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026Review
- Cutaneous Malignancy Risk in Facial and Hand Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Recipients: A Review of Immunosuppressive Regimens and Their Oncologic Impact.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chronic rejection models for vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ten-year follow-up after face transplantation-A single-center retrospective cohort study.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- Presentation and Management of Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wounds to the Face.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2025Review
- Management of Avulsive Soft Tissue Ballistic Facial Injuries.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2025Review
- An innovative ear transplantation for vascularized composite allotransplantation research in porcine model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lymph Node Inclusion in a Modified Osteomyocutaneous Allograft for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Establishment and Feasibility Assessment in a Pig Model.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- International consensus recommendations on face transplantation: A 2-step Delphi study.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressive strategies in face and hand transplantation: a comprehensive systematic review of current therapy regimens and outcomes.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Review
- A local drug delivery system prolongs graft survival by dampening T cell infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in vascularized composite allografts.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review of two immunosuppressants: tacrolimus and cyclosporine.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2023Review
- Combined Face and Whole Eye Transplantation: Cadaveric Rehearsals and Feasibility Assessment.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Ensuring Racial and Ethnic Inclusivity in Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Application possibilities of artificial intelligence in facial vascularized composite allotransplantation-a narrative review.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Review
- Face Transplant: Indications, Outcomes, and Ethical Issues-Where Do We Stand?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, landmark achievements have established facial transplantation (FT) as a feasible reconstructive option for otherwise irreparable craniofacial defects. However, as the field matures and long-term outcomes begin to emerge, FT teams around the world are now facing new challenges. Data for this review were identified by searches of the PubMed/MEDLINE database from inception through August 2020. All English-language articles pertaining to FT were included. Significant advances in candidate selection, technology, operative technique, posttransplant care, and immunosuppressive management have contributed to the tremendous expansion of the field, culminating in the execution in the past 3 years of 2 facial re-transplantations, and most recently the world's first successful combined face and double hand transplant in August 2020. Despite these achievements, the allograft donor pool remains limited, with long wait times, requiring surgical experimentation with cross-sex FT. Immunosuppressive management has improved, but significant adverse events continue to be reported. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on the healthcare system, with various implications for the practice of reconstructive transplantation. In this article, we provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date FT review, highlighting fundamental lessons learned and recent advancements, while looking toward the challenges ahead. Over the past 15 years, extensive multidisciplinary efforts have been instrumental to the establishment of FT as a feasible reconstructive option. As novel challenges are beginning to emerge, continued collaborative and multispecialty research efforts are needed to further this field.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.