ArticleBiological conservation2021
Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment.
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In one paragraph
Article in Biological conservation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term ambient benzene exposure increases incident NAFLD risk through accelerated biological aging.iScience · 2026Article
- Understanding mammal avoidance of human settlements.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Mammals tolerate harmless human presence: Lessons from COVID-19 lockdown on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human pressure and protection gradients reshape diel activity patterns of terrestrial mammals.BMC ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- The influence of human presence and footprint on animal space use in US national parks.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Understanding and predicting animal movements and distributions in the Anthropocene.The Journal of animal ecology · 2025Review
- Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Wildlife in Huangshan Scenic Area, Anhui Province, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Global impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on biodiversity data collection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Shipping traffic through the Arctic Ocean: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and its dependence on the sea ice extent.iScience · 2024Article
- Urban birds' tolerance towards humans was largely unaffected by COVID-19 shutdown-induced variation in human presence.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Temporal and spatial biosonar activity of the recently established uppermost Yangtze finless porpoise population downstream of the Gezhouba Dam: Correlation with hydropower cascade development, shipping, hydrological regime, and light intensity.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Urban rooftops near sports pitches provide a safe haven for a declining shorebird.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Species and habitat specific changes in bird activity in an urban environment during Covid 19 lockdown.eLife · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 could accelerate the decline in recreational hunting: A natural experiment from Northern Italy.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mammal Roadkills in Lithuanian Urban Areas: A 15-Year Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Urbanization, climate and species traits shape mammal communities from local to continental scales.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
346 authors.
Amanda E BatesDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada.
Richard B PrimackBiology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
Brandy S BiggarDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada.
Tomas J BirdNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 E White Hills Rd, St. John's A1A 5J7, Canada.
Mary E ClintonDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada.
Rylan J CommandSchool of Ocean Technology, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Rd, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
Cerren RichardsDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's A1K 3E6, Canada.
Marc ShellardRed Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Nathan R GeraldiRed Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Valeria VergaraOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Orlando Acevedo-CharryInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.
Zuania Colón-PiñeiroDepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
David OcampoInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.
Natalia Ocampo-PeñuelaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Lina M Sánchez-ClavijoInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Cristian M AdamescuResearch Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
Sorin ChevalNational Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania.
Tudor RacoviceanuResearch Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
Matthew D AdamsDepartment of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
Egide KalisaDepartment of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
Vincent Z KuuireDepartment of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
Vikram AdityaAshoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, PO, Royal Enclave, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
Pia AnderwaldSwiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland.
Samuel WiesmannSwiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland.
Sonja WipfSwiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Runatsch 124, 7530 Zernez, Switzerland.
Gal BadihiOrigins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Matthew G HendersonOrigins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Hanspeter LoetscherOffice for Nature and Environment of the Grisons, Ringstrasse 10, 7001 Chur, Switzerland.
Katja BaerenfallerSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 7265 Davos, Switzerland.
Lisandro Benedetti-CecchiDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Fabio BulleriDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Iacopo BertocciDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Elena MaggiDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Luca RindiDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Chiara RavaglioliDepartment of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
Kristina BoerderBiology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.
Julien BonnelWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Delphine MathiasSociété d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France.
Philippe ArchambaultArcticNet, Département de Biologie, Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Laurent ChauvaudLaboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), LIA BeBEST, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
Camrin D BraunBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Simon R ThorroldBiology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Jacob W BrownscombeGreat Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
Jonathan D MidwoodGreat Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
Christine M BostonGreat Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
Jill L BrooksFish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Steven J CookeFish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Victor ChinaMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Uri RollMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Jonathan BelmakerSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Assaf ZvuloniIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel.
Marta CollInstitute of Marine Science (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49 & Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Miquel OrtegaFundació ENT, Carrer Josep Llanza, 1-7, 2-3, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, 08800 & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
Brendan ConnorsQuantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada.
Lisa LackoQuantitative Assessment Methods Section, Stock Assessment and Research Division, Pacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard St Suite 200, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L6, Canada.
Dinusha R M JayathilakeSchool of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Mark J CostelloFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodo 1049, Norway.
Theresa M CrimminsUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
LoriAnne BarnettUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Ellen G DennyUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Katharine L GerstUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
R L MarshUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Erin E PosthumusUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Reilly RodriguezUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Alyssa RosemartinUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Sara N SchafferUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Jeff R SwitzerUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Kevin WongUSA National Phenology Network, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1200 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Susan J CunninghamFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Petra SumasgutnerCore Facility Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Fischerau 11, A-4645 Grünau im Almtal, Austria.
Arjun AmarFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Robert L ThomsonFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Miqkayla StofbergFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Sally HofmeyrFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Jessleena SuriFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Rick D Stuart-SmithInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Paul B DayCarijoa - Marine Environmental Consulting, 29 Sydenham Street, Rivervale, Perth, Western Australia 6103, Australia.
Graham J EdgarInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Antonia T CooperInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Fabio Cabrera De LeoOcean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Canada.
Grant GarnerDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Paulson G Des BrisayEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, 150-123 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada.
Michael B SchrimpfNatural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Nicola KoperNatural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Michael S DiamondDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, USA.
Ross G DwyerSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Cameron J BakerSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Craig E FranklinSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Ron EfratMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Oded Berger-TalMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Ohad HatzofeScience Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel.
Víctor M EguíluzInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Jorge P RodríguezInstituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain.
Juan Fernández-GraciaInstituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
David ElustondoInstituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain.
Vicent CalatayudFundación CEAM, C/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain.
Philina A EnglishFisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
Stephanie K ArcherLouisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 LA-56, Chauvin, LA 70344, United States.
Sarah E DudasFisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
Dana R HaggartyFisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
Austin J GallagherBeneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA 20172, USA.
Brendan D SheaBeneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA 20172, USA.
Oliver N ShipleyBeneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA 20172, USA.
Ben L GilbySchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Jasmine BallantyneSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Andrew D OldsSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Christopher J HendersonSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
Thomas A SchlacherSchool of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia.
William D HallidayWildlife Conservation Society Canada, P.O. Box 606, 202 B Ave, Kaslo, British Columbia V0G 1M0, Canada.
Nicholas A W BrownDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Mackenzie B WoodsDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Sigal BalshineDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Francis JuanesDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
Mitchell J RiderRosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
Patricia S AlbanoRosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
Neil HammerschlagRosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
Graeme C HaysDeakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Nicole EstebanDepartment of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
Yuhang PanDivision of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
Guojun HeDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
Takanao TanakaDivision of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
Marc J S HenselVirginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
Robert J OrthVirginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
Christopher J PatrickVirginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Sadler Center, 200 Stadium Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States.
Jonas Hentati-SundbergDepartment of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.
Olof OlssonStockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Margot L Hessing-LewisHakai Institute, Pruth Harbour, Calvert Island, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.
Nicholas D HiggsCape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera Island School, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.
Mark A HindellInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
Clive R McMahonSydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
Rob HarcourtDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
Christophe GuinetCentre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
Sarah E HirschLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States.
Justin R PerraultLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States.
Shelby R HooverLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States.
Jennifer D ReillyLoggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US-1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, United States.
Catherine HobaiterOrigins of Mind, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Marys Quad, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Thibaud GruberFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
Charlie HuveneersCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
Vinay UdyawerArafura Timor Research Facility, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia.
Thomas M ClarkeCollege of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
Laura P KroesenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
David S HikDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Seth G CherryParks Canada Agency, 5420 Highway 93, Radium Hot Springs, BC V0A 1M0, Canada.
Justin A Del Bel BelluzHakai Institute, Victoria, BC V8W 1V8, Canada.
Jennifer M JacksonHakai Institute, Victoria, BC V8W 1V8, Canada.
Shengjie LaiWorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Hartley Library B12, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Clayton T LambDepartment of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Gregory D LeClairUniversity of Maine, 168 College Ave, Orono, ME 04469, United States.
Jeffrey R ParmeleeUniversity of New England, Department of Biology, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States.
Matthew W H ChatfieldCenter for Wildlife Studies, North Yarmouth, ME 04097, USA.
Cheryl A FrederickCenter for Wildlife Studies, North Yarmouth, ME 04097, USA.
Sangdon LeeEwha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Hyomin ParkEwha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Jaein ChoiEwha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
Frédéric LeTourneuxDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Thierry GrandmontDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Frédéric Dulude de-BroinDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Joël BêtyDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
Gilles GauthierDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Pierre LegagneuxDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Jesse S LewisCollege of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States.
Jeffrey HaightSchool of Life Science, Arizona State University, 1151 S. Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, Canada.
Zhu LiuDepartment of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Jarod P LyonArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Robin HaleArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Dallas D'SilvaVictorian Fisheries Authority, Australia.
Ian MacGregor-ForsEcosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
Enrique Arbeláez-CortésGrupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria Carrera 27 Calle 9, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
Felipe A EstelaDepartamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Camilo E Sánchez-SarriaDepartamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Michelle García-ArroyoEcosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
Giann K Aguirre-SamboníDepartamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali, Cl. 18 #118-250, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Juan C Franco MoralesFacultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Calle 25, Vía Cali - Puerto Tejada 115-85 Km 2, Jamundí, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Shahar MalamudSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Tal GavrielSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Yehezkel BubaSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Shira SalingréSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Mai LazarusSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Ruthy YahelIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Yigael Ben AriIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Eyal MillerIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Rotem SadeIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Guy LavianIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Ziv BirmanIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Manor GuryIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Harel BazIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Ilia BaskinIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Alon PennIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Amit DolevIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Ogen LichtIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Tabi KarkomIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Sharon DavidzonIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Avi BerkovitchIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Ofer YaakovIsrael Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel.
Raoul ManentiDipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
Emiliano MoriConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Gentile Francesco FicetolaDipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
Enrico LunghiKey Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1, 100101 Beijing, China.
David MarchCentre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
Brendan J GodleyCentre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
Cecilia MartinRed Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Steven F MihalyOcean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.
David R BarclayDepartment of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada.
Dugald J M ThomsonDepartment of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B4H 4R2, Canada.
Richard DeweyOcean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.
Jeannette BedardOcean Networks Canada, University of Victoria Queenswood Campus, 2474 Arbutus Road, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.
Aroha MillerOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Amber DeardenOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Jennifer ChapmanOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Lauren DaresOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Laura BordenOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Donna GibbsOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Jessica SchultzOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Nikita SergeenkoOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Fiona FrancisOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Amanda WeltmanOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver V6B 3X8, Canada.
Nicolas MoityCharles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador.
Jorge Ramírez-GonzálezCharles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Av. Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador.
Gonzalo MucientesInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
Alexandre Alonso-FernándezInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
Itai NamirSchool of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Avi Bar-MassadaDepartment of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006 Tivon, Israel.
Ron ChenHamaarag, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel.
Shmulik YedvabThe Mammal Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Israel.
Thomas A OkeySchool of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
Steffen OppelRSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Volen ArkumarevBulgarian Society for Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Samuel BakariBirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vladimir DobrevBulgarian Society for Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Victoria Saravia-MullinHellenic Ornithological Society, Athens, Greece.
Anastasios BounasHellenic Ornithological Society, Athens, Greece.
Dobromir DobrevBulgarian Society for Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Elzbieta KretWWF Greece, Athens, Greece.
Solomon MengistuEthiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Cloé PourchierSahara Conservation Fund, Niamey, Niger.
Alazar RuffoFaculty of Natural Science, Department of Zoological Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Million TesfayeHawassa University, Shashemene, Ethiopia.
Mengistu WondafrashEthiopia Wildlife and Natural History Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia/Dilla University, Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Stoyan C NikolovBulgarian Society for Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Charles PalmerDepartment of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
Lorenzo SileciDepartment of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
Patrick T RexDept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Christopher G LoweDept of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Francesc PetersInstitute of Marine Sciences (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
Matthew K PineDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Craig A RadfordInstitute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Louise WilsonInstitute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Lauren McWhinnieSchool of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Alessia ScuderiMarine and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Andrew G JeffsInstitute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Kathleen L PrudicSchool of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Maxim LarrivéeMontreal Space for Life, Insectarium, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Kent P McFarlandVermont Center for Ecostudies, Norwich, VT, USA.
Rodrigo SolisResource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Rebecca A HutchinsonSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Nuno QueirozCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal.
Miguel A FurtadoCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-668 Vairão, Portugal.
David W SimsMarine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
Emily SouthallMarine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
Claudio A Quesada-RodriguezPacuare Reserve, Ecology Project International, Limon, Costa Rica.
Jessica P Diaz-OrozcoPacuare Reserve, Ecology Project International, Limon, Costa Rica.
Ku'ulei S RodgersHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Sarah J L SeverinoHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Andrew T GrahamHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Matthew P StefanakHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Elizabeth M P MadinHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Peter G RyanFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Kyle MacleanFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Eleanor A WeidemanFitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Çağan H ŞekercioğluSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA.
Kyle D KittelbergerSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA.
Josip KusakDepartment of Veterinary Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Jeffrey A SeminoffNOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Megan E HannaScripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Takahiro ShimadaRed Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
Mark G MeekanAustralian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Martin K S SmithRondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa.
Mohlamatsane M MokhatlaRondevlei Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Garden Route 6570, South Africa.
Malcolm C K SohNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Roanna Y T PangNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Breyl X K NgNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Benjamin P Y-H LeeNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Adrian H B LooNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Kenneth B H ErNational Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Gabriel B G SouzaPostgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon, 550 Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
Christopher D StallingsCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Joseph S CurtisCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Meaghan E FalettiCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Jonathan A PeakeCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Michael J SchramCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Kara R WallCollege of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Carina TerryBiology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
Matt RothendlerBiology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
Lucy ZipfBiology Department, Boston University, 881 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
Juan Sebastián UlloaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Angélica Hernández-PalmaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Bibiana Gómez-ValenciaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Cristian Cruz-RodríguezInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Yenifer Herrera-VarónInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Margarita RoaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Susana Rodríguez-BuriticáInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Jose Manuel Ochoa-QuinteroInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Reut VardiThe Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Víctor VázquezDepartment of Research and Development, Coccosphere Environmental Analysis, C/Cruz 39, 29120 Alhaurín el Grande, Málaga, Spain.
Christian Requena-MesaDepartment of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Miyako H WarringtonNatural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 317 Sinnott Bldg., 70 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada.
Michelle E TaylorSchool of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK.
Lucy C WoodallDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
Paris V StefanoudisDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom.
Xiangliang ZhangComputational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Qiang YangComputational Biosciences Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Yuval ZukermanMitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
Zehava SigalScience Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, 95463 Jerusalem, Israel.
Amir AyaliSchool of Zoology, Tel aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997802, Israel.
Eric E G CluaPSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia.
Pamela CarzonPSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia.
Clementine SeguinePSL Research University CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD BP1013, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia.
Andrea CorradiniDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Calepina, 14, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Luca PedrottiStelvio National Park, 23032 Bormio, SO, Italy.
Catherine M FoleyHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
Catherine Alexandra GagnonDépartement de Biologie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Elijah PanipakoochooInuit Elder From the Community of Mittimatalik, Nunavut, Canada.
Celene B MilanesCivil and Environmental Department, Universidad de La Costa, Cl. 58 #55 - 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
Camilo M BoteroSchool of Law, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta, Colombia.
Yunior R VelázquezMultidisciplinary Studies Center of Coastal Zone, Universidad de Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba S/N, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba.
Nataliya A MilchakovaInstitute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academian Science, Sevastopol 299011, Russia.
Simon A MorleyBritish Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB30ET, UK.
Stephanie M MartinGovernment of Tristan da Cunha, Jamestown STHL 1ZZ, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Veronica NanniDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Tanya OteroOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
Julia WakelingOcean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
Sarah AbarroWWF-Canada, 60 St Jacques St, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 1L5, Canada.
Cyril PiouCIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
Ana F L SobralOkeanos Research Centre of the University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal.
Eulogio H SotoCentro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Emily G WeigelSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Alejandro Bernal-IbáñezMARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal.
Ignacio GestosoMARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal.
Eva CacabelosMARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, Funchal, Portugal.
Francesca CagnacciDepartment of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Reny P DevassyRed Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Matthias-Claudio LorettoDepartment of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.
Paula MoragaComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
Christian RutzCentre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
Carlos M DuarteRed Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.
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BiodiversityGlobal monitoringPandemicRestoration
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