ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Infant inhibited temperament in primates predicts adult behavior, is heritable, and is associated with anxiety-relevant genetic variation.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early-life neural correlates of behavioral inhibition and anxiety risk.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Disentangling the Switching Behavior in Functional Connectivity Dynamics in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Developmental Cohort Analysis and Molecular-Cellular Associations.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Evolutionary constrained genes associated with autism spectrum disorder across 2,054 nonhuman primate genomes.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Insights into the Neurobiology of Behavioral Inhibition from Nonhuman Primate Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Repeatability of measures of behavioral organization over two years in captive infant rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta.American journal of primatology · 2024Article
- Understanding the heterogeneity of anxiety using a translational neuroscience approach.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Rhesus infant nervous temperament predicts peri-adolescent central amygdala metabolism & behavioral inhibition measured by a machine-learning approach.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Dispositional traits help explain individual differences in relationships between a radiographic knee osteoarthritis measure, pain, and physical function.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Article
- Current advances in primate genomics: novel approaches for understanding evolution and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- Nonhuman primate genetic models for the study of rare diseases.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Review
- Genetics of psycho-emotional well-being: genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The relationship of maternal rank, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and MAOA-LPR genotype to temperament in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Knowledge of Biobehavioral Organization Can Facilitate Better Science: A Review of the BioBehavioral Assessment Program at the California National Primate Research Center.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An anxious or inhibited temperament (IT) early in life is a major risk factor for the later development of stress-related psychopathology. Starting in infancy, nonhuman primates, like humans, begin to reveal their temperament when exposed to novel situations. Here, in Study 1 we demonstrate this infant IT predicts adult behavior. Specifically, in over 600 monkeys, we found that individuals scored as inhibited during infancy were more likely to refuse treats offered by potentially-threatening human experimenters as adults. In Study 2, using a sample of over 4000 monkeys from a large multi-generational family pedigree, we demonstrate that infant IT is partially heritable. The data revealed infant IT to reflect a co-inherited substrate that manifests across multiple latent variables. Finally, in Study 3 we performed whole-genome sequencing in 106 monkeys to identify IT-associated single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). Results demonstrated a genome-wide significant SNV near CTNNA2, suggesting a molecular target worthy of additional investigation. Moreover, we observed lower p values in genes implicated in human association studies of neuroticism and depression. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of our model of infant inhibited temperament in the rhesus monkey to facilitate discovery of genes that are relevant to the long-term inherited risk to develop anxiety and depressive disorders.
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