ArticleScientific reports2021
Genetic influence of CYP2D6 on pharmacokinetics and acute subjective effects of LSD in a pooled analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of classical serotonergic psychedelic compounds in healthy adult subjects.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Absolute Oral Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of LSD Base and Tartrate in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Acute Effects and Pharmacokinetics of LSD after Paroxetine or Placebo Pre-Administration in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over Phase I Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Psilocybin-assisted neurofeedback for the improvement of executive functions: a randomized semi-naturalistic-lab feasibility study.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Trial
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Inter-individual variability in neural response to low doses of LSD.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Repeated low doses of LSD in healthy adults: A placebo-controlled, dose-response study.Addiction biology · 2022Trial
- Psychedelics and women's mental health: the effects of female sex hormones on psychedelics' efficacy and tolerability.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Review
- Effects of repeated low-dose LSD on neuropsychological functioning in adults with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled study.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Properties of Psychedelics with a Special Focus on Potential Harms.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Toxicology and Pharmacological Interactions of Classic Psychedelics.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Brain Cytochrome P450: Navigating Neurological Health and Metabolic Regulation.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- If psychedelics heal, how do they do it?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic substance that is used recreationally and investigated in psychiatric research. There are no pharmacogenetic studies on LSD. In vitro metabolic studies indicate that several cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms (e.g., CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9) are involved in LSD metabolism, but in vivo data are scarce. The present study examined the influence of genetic polymorphisms of CYP genes on the pharmacokinetics and acute effects of LSD in healthy subjects. We identified common genetic variants of CYPs (CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6) in 81 healthy subjects who were pooled from four randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 1 studies. We found that genetically determined CYP2D6 functionality significantly influenced the pharmacokinetics of LSD. Individuals with no functional CYP2D6 (i.e., poor metabolizers) had longer LSD half-lives and approximately 75% higher parent drug and main metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD area-under-the-curve blood plasma concentrations compared with carriers of functional CYP2D6. Non-functional CYP2D6 metabolizers also exhibited greater alterations of mind and longer subjective effect durations in response to LSD compared with functional CYP2D6 metabolizers. No effect on the pharmacokinetics or acute effects of LSD were observed with other CYPs. These findings indicate that genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 significantly influence the pharmacokinetic and subjective effects of LSD. Given the potential therapeutic use of psychedelics, including LSD, the role of pharmacogenetic tests prior to LSD-assisted psychotherapy needs to be further investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.