Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34035311›Full record

ArticleNPJ breast cancer2021

Modulation of the immune microenvironment of high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ by intralesional pembrolizumab injection.

Alexa C Glencer, Jasmine M Wong, Nola M Hylton, Gregor Krings, Emma McCune, Harriet T Rothschild, Tristan A Loveday, Michael D Alvarado, Laura J Esserman, Michael J Campbell

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07188246 (A Trial of Neoadjuvant, Hypofractionated Radiation, With Intratumoural Pembrolizumab Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, in Stage 3 or High-risk Stage 2 Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07188246 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Trial of Neoadjuvant, Hypofractionated Radiation, With Intratumoural Pembrolizumab Followed by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, in Stage 3 or High-risk Stage 2 Breast Cancer

TypeinterventionalSponsorLondon Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sRan2026 to 2029Enrolled40ConditionsBreast Cancer, Breast Cancer Stage II, Breast Cancer Stage III, Breast Cancer InvasiveArmsRadiation, Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alexa C GlencerDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3183-1056
Jasmine M WongDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nola M HyltonDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-1662
Gregor KringsDepartment of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Emma McCuneUniversity of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harriet T RothschildUniversity of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-2872
Tristan A LovedayDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael D AlvaradoDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Laura J EssermanDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-4568
Michael J CampbellDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. michael.campbell@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-9240
University of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Elucidating the molecular and contextual basis for IDLE ultralow risk lesions and the tumor immune microenvironment of high risk in situ and invasive breast cancersU01CA196406 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BOROWSKY, ALEXANDER D, ESSERMAN, LAURA J · 2015 to 2020
$5.8M
Surgical Oncology Training GrantT32CA251070 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ESSERMAN, LAURA J · 2020 to 2024
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS T32 CA251070NCI NIH HHS U01 CA196406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a risk factor for the subsequent development of invasive breast cancer. High-risk features include age <45 years, size >5 cm, high-grade, palpable mass, hormone receptor negativity, and HER2 positivity. We have previously shown that immune infiltrates are positively associated with these high-risk features, suggesting that manipulating the immune microenvironment in high-risk DCIS could potentially alter disease progression. Patients with high-risk DCIS were enrolled in this 3 × 3 phase 1 dose-escalation pilot study of 2, 4, and 8 mg intralesional injections of the PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. Study participants received two intralesional injections, three weeks apart, prior to surgery. Tissue from pre-treatment biopsies and post-treatment surgical resections was analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining for various immune cell populations. The intralesional injections were easily administered and well-tolerated. mIF analyses demonstrated significant increases in total T cell and CD8

Identifiers

PMID34035311
PMCPMC8149838
OpenAlexW3165062659

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.