ArticleBMC gastroenterology2021
Waist-to-height ratio and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Curcumin Offers No Additional Benefit to Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Associations between adiposity indices and liver steatosis and stiffness assessed by two-dimensional shear wave elastography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Nonlinear associations of remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with the risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- The association between anthropometric indices with non-alcoholic fatty liver in the Azar cohort population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The predictive value of C-reactive protein-triglycerides-glucose index-waist-to-height ratio for stroke: a nationwide cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Leptin Insensitivity in NAFLD Is Produced by Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Overexpression.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Anthropometric and Metabolic Indicators for Predicting MASLD: Evidence from a Large Cohort of Spanish Workers Using FLI and LAP.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The association between cardiometabolic index (CMI) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Metabolic and hepatic biomarkers associated with MASLD in the Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index: A powerful tool for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- The association of the metabolic score for insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease: a population-based observational study.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Article
- The association between adiposity indices and the odds of breast cancer based on findings from a case control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predictive value of triglyceride glucose index in non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Visceral Adiposity, Anthropometric and Liver Function Indexes for Identifying Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adolescents with Obesity: Which Performs Better?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Irisin and adropin decrease in preobese or obese individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Pre-diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in NAFLD patients: a retrospective comparative analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Nine anthropometric indices predict hepatic steatosis and assess liver health in adolescents: a population-based study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Weight-Adjusted Waist Circumference Index and Metabolic Disease-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Retrospective Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been recognised as a powerful indicator to evaluate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in recent years, but few related studies are available. Thus, clarifying the association between the WHtR and NAFLD may be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
methodsThe cross-sectional study population was from a large-scale health examination programme called 'human dock' in Japan. In this study, 14,125 participants in this health examination programme were included. To understand the association between the WHtR and NAFLD more intuitively, we grouped the WHtR values into quintiles and used a multivariable logistic regression model to assess WHtR and its quintile with NAFLD risk. Moreover, we used the generalised additive model to model the association between WHtR and NAFLD to explore their non-linear relationship.
resultsThe prevalence of NAFLD among participants in this study was 17.59%, with an average age of 43.53 ± 8.89 years. After adjusting for all non-collinear covariables, we observed a 66% increase in the NAFLD risk per SD increase in WHtR. Furthermore, in the quintile groups of WHtR, the participants in quintile 2, quintile 3, quintile 4, and quintile 5 had 3.62-fold, 5.98-fold, 9.55-fold, and 11.08-fold increased risks of NAFLD, respectively, compared with those in quintile 1 (P
conclusionsOur results suggest that in adults, the WHtR is associated with NAFLD, and the association is not purely linear but non-linear, with significant threshold and saturation effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.