ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
Sociodemographic determinants and clinical risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional analysis of over 200,000 patients in Tehran, Iran.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Significant association between HIV infection and increased risk of COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Healthcare Workers' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Personal Protective Equipment in Reducing the Risk of COVID-19 Infection from 2020 to 2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Designing an explainable algorithm based on XGBoost and genetic algorithm for predicting hospitalization needs of COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Health risk assessment for severe COVID-19 in Taiwan: a multi-centre electronic health record study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Role of Galanin system and insulin resistance parameters as predictive tools for diagnosis of Long-COVID patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Characteristic Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19 Reinfection in the Indonesian Community.Yonago acta medica · 2025Article
- Residual cardiopulmonary manifestations following COVID-19: a Tanzanian ambispective study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 severity and vaccine effectiveness in Malawi: A test-negative case-control study.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in tertiary hospitals in Tanzania, 2021-2022: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Joint modeling of longitudinal and competing risks for assessing blood oxygen saturation and its association with survival outcomes in COVID-19 patients.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Modeling risk factors of degree of severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in inpatient patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Leukopenia and leukocytosis as strong predictors of COVID-19 severity: A cross-sectional study of the hematologic abnormalities and COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Polymerase chain reaction-positivity and predictors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among diagnosed cases' in North West Ethiopia.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Clinical determinants of oxygen saturation and length of hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia.Enfermeria clinica · 2023Article
- Article
- The COVID-19 Mortality Rate Is Associated with Illiteracy, Age, and Air Pollution in Urban Neighborhoods: A Spatiotemporal Cross-Sectional Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Five consecutive epidemiological waves of COVID-19: a population-based cross-sectional study on characteristics, policies, and health outcome.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prognosis of Spontaneous Pneumothorax/Pneumomediastinum in Coronavirus Disease 2019: The CoBiF Score.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Application of machine learning models based on decision trees in classifying the factors affecting mortality of COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, Iran.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDefining socio-demographic factors, clinical presentations and underlying diseases associated with COVID-19 severity could be helpful in its management. This study aimed to further clarify the determinants and clinical risk factors of the disease severity in patients infected with COVID-19.
methodsA multi-centre descriptive study on all patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the province of Tehran from March 2020 up to Dec 2020 was conducted. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, comorbidities, and the health outcomes of 205,654 patients were examined. Characteristics of the study population were described. To assess the association of study variables with the disease severity, the Chi-Squared test and Multiple Logistic Regression model were applied.
resultsThe mean age of the study population was 52.8 years and 93,612 (45.5%) were women. About half of the patients have presented with low levels of blood oxygen saturation. The ICU admission rate was 17.8% and the overall mortality rate was 10.0%. Older age, male sex, comorbidities including hypertension, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma, chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, chronic neurological disorders, and HIV/AIDS infection were risk markers of poor health outcome. Clinical presentations related with worse prognosis included fever, difficulty breathing, impaired consciousness, and cutaneous manifestations.
conclusionThese results might alert physicians to pay attention to determinants and risk factors associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. In addition, our findings aid decision makers to emphasise on vulnerable groups in the public health strategies that aim at preventing the spread of the disease and its mortalities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.