SynthesisEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2021
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Thyroid Cancer: Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and risk factors for skin cancer after heart transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic syndrome and risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Review
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis both promotes and protects against papillary thyroid cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Patient age at diagnosis and biological sex in association with postoperative outcomes of thyroidectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer in the U.S. Military Health System.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- Author correction: Association between exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy and birthweight: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of birth cohort studies.Journal of biomedical research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Recurrence and Death in Patients with Thyroid Cancer From 2008 to 2023 in the West of Iran.Journal of research in health sciences · 2024Article
- Cigarette smoking and thyroid cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Inflammation biomarkers are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough smoking is generally carcinogenic, its effect on thyroid cancers is still subject to controversy. The purpose of this study was to summarize the role of smoking in relation to thyroid cancer occurrence.
methodsWe performed a meta-analysis of 24 eligible studies: 21 case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all studies were acquired based on random effect model. Further subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender, histological type of thyroid cancer, and smoking status of patients for the case-control studies.
resultsThe summary effect size indicated a negative association of smoking for thyroid cancer (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.681 to 0.935). From the subgroup analyses for the case-control studies, reduced risk of thyroid cancer was observed in both men (OR, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.974) and women (OR, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.700 to 0.897). The protective effect of smoking was observed in studies in which thyroid cancer was limited to differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) (OR, 0.798; 95% CI, 0.706 to 0.902).
conclusionOur results suggests that smoking may have a protective effect on thyroid cancer, especially on DTCs. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted in elucidating the dose and time dependent effect of smoking on thyroid cancer with specific focus on the types of thyroid cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.