ArticleArchives of endocrinology and metabolism2021
The change in the clinical presentation of Graves' disease: a 30 years retrospective survey in an academic Brazilian tertiary center.
Article in Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between cholesterol levels and thyroid eye disease.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
- Thymic hyperplasia is accurate to detect new-onset Graves' hyperthyroidism and resolves after restoring euthyroidism.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- In Graves' disease, thyroid autoantibodies and ultrasound features correlate with distinctive histological features.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- The paths of Graves' disease in the 21st century: precision medicine is closer.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGraves' disease (GD) is the main cause of hyperthyroidism among adults. It is an autoimmune condition classically marked by the Merserburg Triad (goiter, thyrotoxicosis, and orbitopathy), but the change in presentation of GD over time has rarely been studied. To determine changes in the clinical presentation of patients with GD in the last 30 years.
methodsThe study evaluated 475 patients diagnosed with GD between 1986 and 2016 in a single center. Patients were evaluated regarding epidemiological aspects, thyroid function, inflammatory activity of the eyes evaluated by the Clinical Activity Score; CAS, severity evaluated by NOSPECS classification and thyroid volume estimated by ultrasonography.
resultsPatients assessment identified an increase in the mean age of diagnosis of GD (p < 0.02), a reduction in thyroid volume (p < 0.001) and less intense orbital involvement from 2007-2016 compared to 1986-2006 (p = 0.04). The number of smoking patients was smaller from 2007 to 2016 (28.7%) than 1986 to 2006 (42.8% p = 0.001). The TSH and TRAb values did not had significant changes.
conclusionGD presentation appears to be changed in the last years compared to the typical initial presentation. There is a less frequent inflammatory involvement of orbital tissue, smaller goiters, a lower number of smokers and diagnosis at older age.
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