ArticleSuicide & life-threatening behavior2022
The impact of macroeconomic factors on suicide in 175 countries over 27 years.
Article in Suicide & life-threatening behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in eight low- and middle-income countries: a comparison of national surveys.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations Between COVID-19 Business and Social Gathering Restrictions and Deaths by Suicide in the United States: A Cross-Sectional County-Level Analysis.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrating Social Determinants With the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Study of Bipolar Outpatients.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Article
- Public mental health stigma and suicide rates across Europe.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The correlation between economic development and suicide rate - based on the global WHO and WB database.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic among Swedish employees: a cohort study on the role of job instability and job insecurity.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Economic burden of suicide deaths in India (2019): a retrospective, cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Spatially clustered patterns of suicide mortality rates in South Korea: a geographically weighted regression analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Review
- Temporal Fluctuations of Suicide Mortality in Japan from 2009 to 2023 Using Government Databases.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Can role model women in politics help married women reduce suicides? Evidence from a quasi-experimental study in Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Integrative Analyses of scRNA-seq, Bulk mRNA-seq, and DNA Methylation Profiling in Depressed Suicide Brain Tissues.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Herbal Medicine on Suicidal Behavior: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cultural collectivism, intimate partner violence, and women's mental health: An analysis of data from 151 countries.Frontiers in sociology · 2023Article
- The association between nation-level social and economic indices and suicide rates: A pilot study.Frontiers in sociology · 2023Article
- The Role of Unemployment, Financial Hardship, and Economic Recession on Suicidal Behaviors and Interventions to Mitigate Their Impact: A Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvery year, more than 800,000 people die by suicide, three-quarters of which are males. Economic factors influence suicide rates, but a worldwide perspective of their impact according to age and sex is lacking.
methodWe queried publicly available datasets on economic factors and on suicide rates stratified according to sex and age, from 1991 to 2017, for 175 countries. Thus, we analyzed approximately 21 million deaths by suicide using a multivariable regression model approach.
resultsEvery 1% increase in global unemployment rates is associated with a 1% upsurge in male deaths by suicide (Relative risk (RR) = 1.01 [CI 95% 1.00-1.01] with respect to females) or 5000 excess male deaths. A 1% higher unemployment rate also exerts age-specific effects on suicide rates, since, among adults aged 30-59, the suicide rate is increased by 2-3%. Lastly, for every 1000 US dollar increase in the GDP per capita, suicide rates are reduced by 2% (RR = 0.98 [0.98-0.98]), corresponding to a reduction of 14,000-15,000 suicide deaths per year globally.
conclusionsMales who have lost their jobs in adulthood are those at higher risk of suicide and to whom financial support measures should be delivered in a timely manner.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.