ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2021
Supraphysiological estradiol promotes human T follicular helper cell differentiation and favours humoural immunity during in vitro fertilization.
Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of repeated ovarian hyperstimulation on gut microbiota composition in a mouse model.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2026Article
- Single-cell and proteomic profiling unveil aberrant immune phenotypes in gestational diabetes following assisted reproductive technology.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Circulating Naïve Regulatory T Cell Subset Displaying Increased STAT5 Phosphorylation During Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Is Associated with Clinical Pregnancy and Progesterone Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Exogenous estrogen enhances T cell activation in male primates.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Rebalancing immunity: The emerging role of selective estrogen receptor modulators in immunity and autoimmunity.Current trends in immunology · 2025Article
- Shoutai Pill Enhances Endometrial Receptivity in Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Mice by Improving theCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Supraphysiological estradiol promotes human T follicular helper cell differentiation and favours humoural immunity during in vitro fertilization.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During pregnancy, humoural immunity is essential for protection against many extracellular pathogens; however, autoimmune diseases may be induced or aggravated. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells contribute to humoural immunity. The aim of this study was to test whether Tfh cell function can be manipulated via hormones. Seventy-four women who underwent in vitro fertilization were recruited and divided into four groups: menstrual period (MP), controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), embryo transfer (ET) and pregnant after embryo transfer (P). A flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify Tfh cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Bioinformatics analysis revealed a possible pathway between Tfh and B cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-6. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify BCL-6, BACH2, XBP-1, IRF-4 and G protein-coupled (GP)ER-1 mRNA expression. Compared with the MP group, the COH, ET and P groups showed more Tfh and B cells, as well as higher IL-21, IL-6, BCL-6 and BACH2 expression. Furthermore, Tfh cell frequency in PBMCs, as well as serum IL-21 and IL-6 levels, were all positively correlated with serum estradiol (E
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