ArticleNature protocols2021
Perfusion and endothelialization of engineered tissues with patterned vascular networks.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Suspended particles for omnidirectional template sacrifice for rapid vascular patterning within engineered tissues.Science advances · 2026Article
- Rapid Fabrication of Biomimetic Perfusable Structures via Lift-Up Viscous Fingering.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Topological Tracks Patterned via 3D Printing Vascularize Murine Organ-Scale Constructs.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Photothermal Ablation Blotting for Capillary-Scale Microvasculature Engineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Artificial capillaries-on-a-chip with modular control over lumen size, architecture, and co-culture conditions.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- 3D triply periodic minimal surface gyroid hydrogel scaffolds for soft tissue engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of Neutrophil-Endothelial Communication in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Cells · 2026Review
- A Quantitative Printability Framework for Programmable Assembly of Pre-Vascular Patterns via Laser-Induced Forward Transfer.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Sacrificial Biofabrication for Vascularization: Concept, Materials, Technologies, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Microenvironment-Driven 3-Dimensional Biofabrication Enables Sequential Maturation of the Blood-Brain Barrier.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Particle-based hydrogel inks and support matrices for biofabricating structural complexity, soluble gradients, and cell-lined channels in fully granular bioprinted systems.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Clickable PEG-norbornene microgels support suspension bioprinting and microvascular assembly.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Volumetric printed biomimetic scaffolds support in vitro lactation of human milk-derived mammary epithelial cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Vascular network-inspired diffusible scaffolds for engineering functional midbrain organoids.Cell stem cell · 2025Article
- Establishing a 3D Vascularized Tri-Culture Model of the Human Airways via a Digital Light Processing Bioprinter.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2025Article
- One-step bioprinting of endothelialized, self-supporting arterial and venous networks.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Lithography-based 3D printing of hydrogels.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- The food dye Tartrazine disrupts vascular formation both in zebrafish larvae and in human primary endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bioengineering vascularization.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Rapid Biofabrication of an Advanced Microphysiological System Mimicking Phenotypical Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As engineered tissues progress toward therapeutically relevant length scales and cell densities, it is critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the tissue volume via perfusion through vascular networks. Furthermore, seeding of endothelial cells within these networks can recapitulate the barrier function and vascular physiology of native blood vessels. In this protocol, we describe how to fabricate and assemble customizable open-source tissue perfusion chambers and catheterize tissue constructs inside them. Human endothelial cells are seeded along the lumenal surfaces of the tissue constructs, which are subsequently connected to fluid pumping equipment. The protocol is agnostic with respect to biofabrication methodology as well as cell and material composition, and thus can enable a wide variety of experimental designs. It takes ~14 h over the course of 3 d to prepare perfusion chambers and begin a perfusion experiment. We envision that this protocol will facilitate the adoption and standardization of perfusion tissue culture methods across the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34031610What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.