ArticleNature biomedical engineering2021
Rapid single-molecule detection of COVID-19 and MERS antigens via nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 389 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outlook of therapeutic and diagnostic competency of nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review.Analytical biochemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Electronic and electrochemical viral detection for point-of-care use: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic profiling of neuronal extracellular vesicles enables early prediction of Parkinson's disease.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tutorial: biomembranes in hybrid living bioelectronics.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Tri-Acceptor Skeleton Balancing Ambipolar Mixed Ionic-Electronic Transport in Organic Conductors.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Damage-Free Passivation of Ambipolar OECTs with Fluoropolymer Film for Enhanced Performance and Stability Toward Reliable Biosignal Processing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Decoding non-faradaic signal transduction in organic electrochemical transistor based biosensors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances on Sensors and Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- A Metamaterial Buckling-Assisted Surface-Acoustic-Wave Enabled Sensor (mBASES) for Versatile and Ultrasensitive Biomarker Detection.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Time-Multiplexed Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Saliva-Based Rapid Detection of Viral Proteins.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Lipid-capped transistors bring cardiac testing closer to the bedside.National science review · 2026Article
- Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies for Oral Health: From Engineered Interfaces to Advanced Transistor Architectures.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Beyond the 2D Plane: Interfacing Microwave Resonators with Bioreceptor-Functionalized Hydrogel Micropillars for Label-Free Enhanced Sensitivity Biosensing.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Printable Conductive Hydrogels for Electrochemical Biosensing and Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Film, function, flexibility: label-free nanobody sensorsNanoscale · 2026Article
- Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Workflow for Comparative Analysis of Nanobody Variants Binding to Lysozyme as a Model Ligand.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Doping-Free Polymer Nanoparticle Engineering of n-Type Organic Mixed Ion-Electron Conductors for Enhancement-Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Multimodal operando characterization unravels polaron accumulation and ion dynamics in high-stability ambipolar OECTs.Science advances · 2026Article
- A transistor-based point-of-care assay with lipid-capped sensory interface for clinical profiling of cardiovascular diseases.National science review · 2026Article
- A Wearable, Dual Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System for Precision Diabetes Management.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for rapid and sensitive protein detection and quantification in simple and robust formats for widespread point-of-care applications. Here, we report on nanobody-functionalized organic electrochemical transistors with a modular architecture for the rapid quantification of single-molecule-to-nanomolar levels of specific antigens in complex bodily fluids. The sensors combine a solution-processable conjugated polymer in the transistor channel and high-density and orientation-controlled bioconjugation of nanobody-SpyCatcher fusion proteins on disposable gate electrodes. The devices provide results after 10 min of exposure to 5 μl of unprocessed samples, maintain high specificity and single-molecule sensitivity in human saliva and serum, and can be reprogrammed to detect any protein antigen if a corresponding specific nanobody is available. We used the sensors to detect green fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike proteins, and for the COVID-19 screening of unprocessed clinical nasopharyngeal swab and saliva samples with a wide range of viral loads.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.