Trial reportScientific reports2021
Cardiovascular Risk Comparison between Expanded Hemodialysis Using Theranova and Online Hemodiafiltration (CARTOON): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of expanded hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis on mortality of patients with end-stage kidney disease: a meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of middle molecule removal with expanded hemodialysis versus haemodiafiltration among Chinese hemodialysis patients.Renal failure · 2025Trial
- A Randomised Prospective Crossover Study on the Effects of Medium Cut-Off Membranes on FGF-23 and Inflammatory Mediators in Patients Receiving Regular Haemodialysis.Blood purification · 2025Trial
- Comparison of uremic toxin removal between expanded hemodialysis and high volume online hemodiafiltrations in different modes.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2024Trial
- Performance-based classification of dialyzers: integrating YKL-40 for advanced middle-molecule clearance - A Chinese expert consensus.Renal failure · 2026Review
- Expanded Hemodialysis with Theranova 500 Improves Dialysis Adequacy and Blunts Inflammation: A 24-Week Quasi-Randomized Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Hemodiafiltration Versus Hemodialysis on Uremic Symptoms, Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative effects of hemodialysis modalities on microparticle induction and neutrophil activation in a randomized cross-over study.iScience · 2025Article
- Clinical benefits and future directions of medium cut-off membranes in hemodialysis: a comprehensive review.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Expanded Hemodialysis with Medium Cut-Off Dialyzer Compared to Haemodiafiltration.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Medium cut-off dialyzer improves reduction ratios of large middle molecules associated with vascular calcification.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Intradialytic Tolerance and Recovery Time in Different High-Efficiency Hemodialysis Modalities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Medium cut-off dialyzer for middle molecular uremic toxins in AKI and chronic dialysis.Journal of nephrology · 2024Review
- Hemodiafiltration: Technical and Medical Insights.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immune System Dysfunction and Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Effects of Expanded Hemodialysis with Medium Cut-Off Membranes on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Review.Membranes · 2022Review
- Review
- Targeting large middle molecules: Clinical implications of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis care.Tzu chi medical journalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) with medium cutoff (MCO) membranes, which remove middle-to-large molecules well, may be a good option to replace online hemodiafiltration (online-HDF). To provide more evidence, this randomized controlled trial compared several cardiovascular parameters between patients undergoing HDx and online-HDF. Eighty patients undergoing thrice-weekly hemodialysis were randomly assigned to receive either HDx with a Theranova membrane (n = 43) or online-HDF (n = 37). The primary endpoints were changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), echocardiographic parameters, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores over 1 year, and the secondary endpoints included blood cardiovascular biomarkers, mortality, and patient-reported outcomes. A linear mixed model and log-rank test were used to estimate the group differences. 65 patients had completed the trial. The changes in baPWV and echocardiographic parameters did not differ between the two groups. The CAC scores remained stable in the online-HDF group, whereas an increasing trend was shown in the HDx group (P = 0.012). Other endpoints, including cardiovascular and all-cause mortalities, were similar between the two groups. The changes in cardiovascular parameters did not differ between HDx with an MCO membrane and online-HDF. However, attention may be needed in patients with high CAC scores or scores with an increasing tendency when online-HDF is replaced with HDx with an MCO membrane.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.