ArticleScientific reports2021
Ultra-low dose immunization and multi-component vaccination strategies enhance protection against malaria in mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Protective immunity against malaria by a nanoparticle CIS43-based junctional vaccine alone or in combination with R21.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Protective immunity against malaria by a nanoparticle CIS43-based junctional vaccine alone or in combination with R21.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A combined designed CSP and Pfs48/45 infection and transmission blocking vaccine for malaria.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Core-shell microcapsules compatible with routine injection enable prime/boost immunization against malaria with a single shot.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity evaluation of altSonflex1-2-3Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous administration of the malaria R21/Matrix M vaccine and immune complex formation with anti-circumsporozoite protein mAb 2A10 elicit protective efficacy in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies: new tools for malaria control.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Establishing RTS,S/AS01 as a benchmark for comparison to next-generation malaria vaccines in a mouse model.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- The effect of dosage on the protective efficacy of whole-sporozoite formulations for immunization against malaria.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Emulsion and liposome-based adjuvanted R21 vaccine formulations mediate protection against malaria through distinct immune mechanisms.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Protective antibody threshold of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine correlates antigen and adjuvant dose in mouse model.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Germinal center activity and B cell maturation are associated with protective antibody responses against Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic infection.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Sterile protection and transmission blockade by a multistage anti-malarial vaccine in the pre-clinical study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An effective vaccine would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination; however, the leading malaria vaccine in development, RTS,S/AS01, provided only partial protection in a Phase 3 trial. R21 is a next-generation RTS,S-like vaccine. We have previously shown in mice that R21 administered in Matrix-M is highly immunogenic, able to elicit complete protection against sporozoite challenge, and can be successfully administered with TRAP based viral-vectors resulting in enhanced protection. In this study, we developed a novel, GMP-compatible purification process for R21, and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ultra-low doses of both R21 and RTS,S when formulated in AS01. We demonstrated that both vaccines are highly immunogenic and also elicit comparable high levels of protection against transgenic parasites in BALB/c mice. By lowering the vaccine dose there was a trend for increased immunogenicity and sterile protection, with the highest dose vaccine groups achieving the lowest efficacy (50% sterile protection). We also evaluated the ability to combine RTS,S/AS01 with TRAP based viral-vectors and observed concurrent induction of immune responses to both antigens with minimal interference when mixing the vaccines prior to administration. These studies suggest that R21 or RTS,S could be combined with viral-vectors for a multi-component vaccination approach and indicate that low dose vaccination should be fully explored in humans to maximize potential efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.