Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34031412›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

The transcriptional landscape of a rewritten bacterial genome reveals control elements and genome design principles.

Mariëlle J F M van Kooten, Clio A Scheidegger, Matthias Christen, Beat Christen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The design and engineering of synthetic genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Investigation of Genome Biology by Synthetic Genome Engineering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  6. From genetics to biotechnology: Synthetic biology as a flexible course-embedded research experience.Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mariëlle J F M van KootenInstitute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. marielle.van.kooten@alumni.ethz.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-3989
Clio A ScheideggerInstitute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Matthias ChristenInstitute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Beat ChristenInstitute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. beat.christen@imsb.biol.ethz.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-3685

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sequence rewriting enables low-cost genome synthesis and the design of biological systems with orthogonal genetic codes. The error-free, robust rewriting of nucleotide sequences can be achieved with a complete annotation of gene regulatory elements. Here, we compare transcription in Caulobacter crescentus to transcription from plasmid-borne segments of the synthesized genome of C. ethensis 2.0. This rewritten derivative contains an extensive amount of supposedly neutral mutations, including 123'562 synonymous codon changes. The transcriptional landscape refines 60 promoter annotations, exposes 18 termination elements and links extensive transcription throughout the synthesized genome to the unintentional introduction of sigma factor binding motifs. We reveal translational regulation for 20 CDS and uncover an essential translational regulatory element for the expression of ribosomal protein RplS. The annotation of gene regulatory elements allowed us to formulate design principles that improve design schemes for synthesized DNA, en route to a bright future of iteration-free programming of biological systems.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, BacterialGenome, BacterialTranscription, GeneticBacteriaBacterial ProteinsCaulobacter crescentusPlasmidsPromoter Regions, GeneticSigma FactorSynthetic BiologytRNA MethyltransferasesBacterial ProteinsSigma FactortRNA Methyltransferases

Identifiers

PMID34031412
PMCPMC8144410

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.