Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34030729›Full record

ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2021

Children Learning About Second-hand Smoke (CLASS II): a mixed methods process evaluation of a school-based intervention.

Cath Jackson, Rumana Huque, Farid Ahmed, Shammi Nasreen, Sarwat Shah, Jasjit S Ahluwalia, Mona Kanaan, Aziz Sheikh, Kamran Siddiqi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Cath JacksonDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, ARRC Building, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK. cath@validresearch.co.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-7091
Rumana HuqueDepartment of Economics, University of Dhaka and ARK Foundation, House No 6, Road NO 109, Gulshan 2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Farid AhmedARK Foundation, House No 6, Road NO 109, Gulshan 2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shammi NasreenARK Foundation, House No 6, Road NO 109, Gulshan 2, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sarwat ShahDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, ARRC Building, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK.
Jasjit S AhluwaliaDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
Mona KanaanDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, ARRC Building, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK.
Aziz SheikhUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9DX, UK.
Kamran SiddiqiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, ARRC Building, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/M020533/1Medical Research Council MR/T004959/1Medical Research Council UK (MR/M020533/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren are vulnerable to the effects of second-hand smoke exposure. Creating smoke-free homes is an effective strategy to limit exposure. We developed a smoke-free intervention (SFI) using children as a catalyst for change and teaching skills to negotiate a smoke-free home. In this paper, we present the process evaluation conducted within a pilot trial.

methodsThis was a mixed-methods study comprising qualitative interviews and quantitative fidelity assessment of SFI delivery. Interviews in the six intervention schools were conducted with six headteachers and 12 teachers. These explored experiences of delivering the SFI, perceived impact, barriers and facilitators to success, and ideas for improvement and for scaling up. The data were analysed using framework analysis. Delivery of the SFI was observed and fidelity scores calculated.

resultsThe SFI was acceptable to headteachers and teachers. Fidelity scores ranged from 27/40 to 37/40. Didactic components were more fully implemented than interactive components. Time to complete the sessions, timing in the school day and school calendar were key challenges. Embedding the SFI into the curriculum was a potential solution.

conclusionsThese findings provide useful information to finalise the content and delivery and inform the scale-up of the SFI for our definitive trial, which is now underway.

trial registrationISRCTN68690577.

Indexed as

Process evaluationSchoolSecond-hand smokeSmoke-free homes

Identifiers

PMID34030729
PMCPMC8142478

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.