ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
Serum sodium in relation to various domains of cognitive function in the elderly US population.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of High Dietary Salt on Neurovascular and Cognitive Functions.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Development and Temporal Validation of Machine Learning Models for Hyponatremia Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Postoperative delirium in orthopedic patients - identifying contributing factors and therapeutic strategies: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Chronic Hyponatremia Potentiates Innate Anxiety-Like Behaviors Through the Dysfunction of Monoaminergic Neurons in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Cognitive functions in schizophrenia: the interplay between blood viscosity, serum osmolarity, and symptom severity.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of menarche, menopause, and reproductive history with cognitive performance in older US women: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2014.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association Between Healthy Lifestyle and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between relative fat mass and cognitive function among US older men: NHANES 2011-2014.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and kidney dysfunction.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Blood predictive biomarkers for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology, symptoms, outcomes, and evaluation of hyponatremia: comprehension and best clinical practice.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Review
- Systemic inflammation markers (SII and SIRI) as predictors of cognitive performance: evidence from NHANES 2011-2014.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based risk prediction model for cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals.PloS one · 2025Article
- Very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Joint association of serum sodium and frailty with mild cognitive impairment among hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The Association between Dysnatraemia during Hospitalisation and Post-COVID-19 Mental Fatigue.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Integrated algorithm combining plasma biomarkers and cognitive assessments accurately predicts brain β-amyloid pathology.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Serum sodium, cognition and incident dementia in the general population.Age and ageing · 2023Article
- Higher Total Cholesterol Concentration May Be Associated with Better Cognitive Performance among Elderly Females.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent evidence suggests that sodium imbalances may be associated with cognitive impairment; however, the association between specific domains of cognition remains unclear. This study examines the association between serum sodium levels and immediate and delayed verbal memory as measured by the CERAD Word Learning Test (CERAD WLT), executive function as measured by the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and sustained attention, working memory, and processing speed as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) in the elderly population of the US aged 60 and older who participated in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 2,541).
methodsCognitive function tests were performed by trained interviewers and sodium levels were measured using indirect ion selective electrode methodology.
resultsAfter adjusting for all covariates, quintiles of CERAD WLT scores showed significant positive associations with log-transformed sodium levels (Immediate recall (IR) β = 4.25 (SE = 1.83, p-value 0.027); Delayed recall (DR) β = 6.54 (SE = 1.82, p-value 0.001)). Compared to normal sodium levels, hyponatremia was significantly associated with lower CERAD WLT-IR (β = -0.34, SE = 0.15, p-value 0.035) and CERAD WLT-DR scores (β -0.48, SE = 0.10, p-value < 0.001) and showed borderline significance with AFT scores (β = = -0.38, SE = 0.19, p-value 0.052). Hypernatremia did not show any significant relationships with cognitive test scores, compared to normal sodium levels.
conclusionsOur cross-sectional study showed that lower sodium levels were associated with cognitive change, especially regarding memory and executive function.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.