ArticleEnvironmental research2021
High health expenditures and low exposure of population to air pollution as critical factors that can reduce fatality rate in COVID-19 pandemic crisis: a global analysis.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gini coefficient, GDP per capita and COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review of ecologic studies.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis to explain unknown causes of the origins of SARS-COV-2.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: Effectiveness of Preparedness in the First Wave.Frontiers in public healthPooled it
- The urban infection susceptibility index and its application in cities of China.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of immunomodulators in the treatment of severe COVID-19.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Analyzing Google COVID-19 Vaccine Intent Search Trends and Vaccine Readiness in the United States: Panel Data Study.Online journal of public health informatics · 2024Article
- Deciphering the link between healthcare expenditure, corruption, and COVID-19 mortality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Democratic quality and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Perspectives on the COVID-19 Vaccination Rollout in 17 Countries: Reflexive Thematic and Frequency Analysis Based on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Framework.JMIR human factors · 2024Article
- Demographic study of patients' mortality rate before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Public health impacts of air pollution from the spatiotemporal heterogeneity perspective: 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2013 to 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Impact of short-term ambient air pollution exposure on the risk of severe COVID-19.Journal of environmental sciences (China) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Wave-centric assessments and mitigation measures for future pandemics.Heliyon · 2023Review
- High potential of technology to face new respiratory viruses: mechanical ventilation devices for effective healthcare to next pandemic emergencies.Technology in society · 2023Article
- Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the international trade resilience during COVID-19.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2023Article
- The Relationship Between Health Expenditure, COJournal of the knowledge economy · 2023Article
- Effect of vaccination patterns and vaccination rates on the spread and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic.Health policy and technology · 2023Article
- Environment and COVID-19 incidence: A critical review.Journal of environmental sciences (China) · 2023Review
- Quantitative relationships between national cultures and the increase in cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the problems hardly clarified in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis is to identify factors associated with a lower mortality of COVID-19 between countries to design strategies to cope with future pandemics in society. The study here confronts this problem by developing a global analysis based on more than 160 countries. This paper proposes that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, healthcare spending and air pollution of nations are critical factors associated with fatality rate of COVID-19. The statistical evidence seems in general to support that countries with a low average COVID-19 fatality rate have high expenditures in health sector >7.5% of GDP, high health expenditures per capita >$2,300 and a lower exposure of population to days exceeding safe levels of particulate matter (PM
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.