ReviewExpert opinion on therapeutic targets2021
Microglia as therapeutic targets after neurological injury: strategy for cell therapy.
Review in Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends in inflammaging from 2005 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in aging · 2025Pooled it
- Mild and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: Changes in microglial cells and synapses.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Primary Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury as a Risk Factor for (Cerebro)vascular Disorder: Clinical Manifestations, Blast Physics, Biomechanics, Pathobiology, and Critical Gaps.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for chronic traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Sustained Transcriptional Response to Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-4 in an Immortalized Mouse Microglial Cell Line.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Glial Cell Dynamics in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Reprogramming brain-resident macrophages: from disease drivers to therapeutic allies in neurological disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Roles of Microglia in Synaptogenesis, Synaptic Pruning, and Synaptic Plasticity in Physiological Conditions and Central Nervous System Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Microglia-Astrocyte Interactions in Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A review of cell death pathways in hemorrhagic stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Focus on P2X7R in microglia: its mechanism of action and therapeutic prospects in various neuropathic pain models.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Tetramerization of PKM2 Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Damage in Microglia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Cytokine Release by Microglia Exposed to Neurologic Injury Is Amplified by Lipopolysaccharide.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Occludin Regulates HIV-1 Infection by Modulation of the Interferon Stimulated OAS Gene Family.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- New role of astrocytes in neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Review
- Optimization and characterization of miRNA-129-5p-encapsulated poly (lactic-Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- Dexmedetomidine Alters the Inflammatory Profile of Rat Microglia In Vitro.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- Partial Ablation of Astrocytes Exacerbates Cerebral Infiltration of Monocytes and Neuronal Loss After Brain Stab Injury in Mice.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMicroglia is the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system. Prolonged microglial activation often occurs after traumatic brain injury and is associated with deteriorating neurocognitive outcomes. Resolution of microglial activation is associated with limited tissue loss and improved neurocognitive outcomes. Limiting the prolonged pro-inflammatory response and the associated secondary tissue injury provides the rationale and scientific premise for considering microglia as a therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we discuss markers of microglial activation, such as immunophenotype and microglial response to injury, including cytokine/chemokine release, free radical formation, morphology, phagocytosis, and metabolic shifts. We compare the origin and role in neuroinflammation of microglia and monocytes/macrophages. We review potential therapeutic targets to shift microglial polarization. Finally, we review the effect of cell therapy on microglia. EXPERT OPINION: Dysregulated microglial activation after neurologic injury, such as traumatic brain injury, can worsen tissue damage and functional outcomes. There are potential targets in microglia to attenuate this activation, such as proteins and molecules that regulate microglia polarization. Cellular therapeutics that limit, but do not eliminate, the inflammatory response have improved outcomes in animal models by reducing pro-inflammatory microglial activation via secondary signaling. These findings have been replicated in early phase clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.