Trial reportPLoS medicine2021
SMS messaging to improve retention and viral suppression in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs in Kenya: A 3-arm randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in PLoS medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02400671 (Evaluation of Mhealth Strategies to Optimize Adherence and Efficacy of PMTCT/ART), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Mhealth Strategies to Optimize Adherence and Efficacy of PMTCT/ART
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of behavioral interventions on contraceptive use among women living with HIV: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Reproductive health · 2026Pooled it
- Acceptability, Needs, Concerns, and Barriers to Digital-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta-Aggregation.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring characteristics and common features of digital health in pediatric care in developing countries: a systematic review.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of mHealth interventions on maternal, newborn, and child health from conception to 24 months postpartum in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions to improve antiretroviral adherence in HIV-infected pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Behaviourally-Informed Two-Way Text Messaging to Improve Return to HIV Care in South Africa: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- A Tailored mHealth Intervention for Improving Antenatal Care Seeking and Its Determinants Among Pregnant Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- The impact of interactive text communication on neonatal mortality in Kenya: a randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Mortality and Loss to Follow-Up Among Adolescents and Young Adults Attending HIV Care Programs in Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Trial
- The effect of an interactive weekly text-messaging intervention on retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care: a randomised controlled trial (WelTel PMTCT).Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effects of behavioural interventions on postpartum retention and adherence among women with HIV on lifelong ART: the results of a cluster randomized trial in Kenya (the MOTIVATE trial).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Trial
- Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine as a Second-Line ART Regimen for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Kenya: Modeling the Potential Impact on Vertical Transmission.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Willingness to Undergo Human Papillomavirus Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model: Online Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of Short Message Service Reminders on Timely Pick-up of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Consenting Persons with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2026Article
- A scoping review of mobile health for ART adherence in pregnant and breastfeeding women with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: preferences, acceptability, and privacy concerns.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modeling the Potential Impact of Mentor Mother Programs on Vertical Transmission of HIV in Kenya.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modeling the potential impact of viral load monitoring on vertical transmission of HIV in Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Enhancing HIV Cognitive Abilities and Self-Management Through Information Technology-Assisted Interventions: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLWH) need support for HIV and maternal child health (MCH) care, which could be provided using short message service (SMS). METHODS AND
findingsWe compared 2-way (interactive) and 1-way SMS messaging to no SMS in a 3-arm randomized trial in 6 MCH clinics in Kenya. Messages were developed using the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory; HIV messages were integrated into an existing MCH SMS platform. Intervention participants received visit reminders and prespecified weekly SMS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and MCH, tailored to their characteristics and timing. Two-way participants could message nurses as needed. Clinic attendance, viral load (VL), and infant HIV results were abstracted from program records. Primary outcomes were viral nonsuppression (VL ≥1,000 c/ml), on-time clinic attendance, loss to follow-up from clinical care, and infant HIV-free survival. Among 824 pregnant women randomized between November 2015 and May 2017, median age was 27 years, gestational age was 24.3 weeks, and time since initiation of ART was 1.0 year. During follow-up to 2 years postpartum, 9.8% of 3,150 VL assessments and 19.6% of women were ever nonsuppressed, with no significant difference in 1-way versus control (11.2% versus 9.6%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 1.54], p = 0.94) or 2-way versus control (8.5% versus 9.6%, aRR 0.80 [95% CI 0.52 to 1.23], p = 0.31). Median ART adherence and incident ART resistance did not significantly differ by arm. Overall, 88.9% (95% CI 76.5 to 95.7) of visits were on time, with no significant differences between arms (88.2% in control versus 88.6% in 1-way and 88.8% in 2-way). Incidence of infant HIV or death was 3.01/100 person-years (py), with no significant difference between arms; risk of infant HIV infection was 0.94%. Time to postpartum contraception was significantly shorter in the 2-way arm than control. Study limitations include limited ability to detect improvement due to high viral suppression and visit attendance and imperfect synchronization of SMS reminders to clinic visits.
conclusionsIntegrated HIV/MCH messaging did not improve HIV outcomes but was associated with improved initiation of postpartum contraception. In programs where most women are virally suppressed, targeted SMS informed by VL data may improve effectiveness. Rigorous evaluation remains important to optimize mobile health (mHealth) interventions.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02400671.
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