ArticleJCI insight2021
The relationship between cytokine and neutrophil gene network distinguishes SARS-CoV-2-infected patients by sex and age.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Multiorgan Molecular Landscape of Severe COVID-19 Revealed by Consensus Gene Signatures and RAB8B Targeting.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis reveals the autoantibodyome neuroimmune signature of neurodegeneration.iScience · 2026Article
- Integrative neuroimmunology reveals leukocyte-expressing PAX6 as a critical predictor of major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence and systems biology analysis in stem cell research and therapeutics development.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Review
- Airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infectious and repair responses: relationships to age, sex, and post-COVID pulmonary syndromes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Differences between human male and female neutrophils in mRNA, translation efficiency, protein, and phosphoprotein profiles.Research square · 2024Article
- Immunological signatures unveiled by integrative systems vaccinology characterization of dengue vaccination trials and natural infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- CXCR2 chemokine receptor - a master regulator in cancer and physiology.Trends in molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Blocking the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways during pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis improves immunity, reduces disease severity, and increases the survival of infected mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Temporal transcriptomic analysis using TrendCatcher identifies early and persistent neutrophil activation in severe COVID-19.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associate with COVID-19 severity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Severe COVID-19 Shares a Common Neutrophil Activation Signature with Other Acute Inflammatory States.Cells · 2022Article
- Discovering common pathogenetic processes between COVID-19 and sepsis by bioinformatics and system biology approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cytokine Profiles Associated With Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID-19 Syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fact that the COVID-19 fatality rate varies by sex and age is poorly understood. Notably, the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections mostly depends on the control of cytokine storm and the increasingly recognized pathological role of uncontrolled neutrophil activation. Here, we used an integrative approach with publicly available RNA-Seq data sets of nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with SARS-CoV-2, according to sex and age. Female and young patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 exhibited a larger number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with male and elderly patients, indicating a stronger immune modulation. Among them, we found an association between upregulated cytokine/chemokine- and downregulated neutrophil-related DEGs. This was correlated with a closer relationship between female and young subjects, while the relationship between male and elderly patients was closer still. The association between these cytokine/chemokines and neutrophil DEGs is marked by a strongly correlated interferome network. Here, female patients exhibited reduced transcriptional levels of key proinflammatory/neutrophil-related genes, such as CXCL8 receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2), IL-1β, S100A9, ITGAM, and DBNL, compared with male patients. These genes are well known to be protective against inflammatory damage. Therefore, our work suggests specific immune-regulatory pathways associated with sex and age of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and provides a possible association between inverse modulation of cytokine/chemokine and neutrophil transcriptional signatures.
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