ArticleSTAR protocols2021
Generation, maintenance, and monitoring of gnotobiotic mice.
Article in STAR protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Insights into the Role of the Microbiome in Brain Gliomas: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Protocol for sterile tumor cell implantation into the spleen or cecal wall of germ-free mice.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- A concise guide to setting up a germ-free unit.STAR protocols · 2026Review
- Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental model for resilience-boosting microbiota interventions in nonmodel ectotherms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Emerging multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer susceptibility.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Sterility testing of germ-free mouse colonies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Marker-based assays for studying gut transit in gnotobiotic and conventional mouse models.STAR protocols · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gnotobiology has revolutionized the study of microbiota-host interactions. This protocol explains how to generate, maintain, and monitor gnotobiotic mice. Three monitoring methods are presented and compared: bacterial culture, microscopy to visualize the presence (or absence) of bacteria using Gram staining or DNA staining, and 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The generation and maintenance of gnotobiotic animals should be performed in a germ-free and gnotobiotic facility to guarantee sterility and precision of gnotobiotic conditions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to McDonald et al., 2020.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.