ArticleCJC open2021
Infertility and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the
Article in CJC open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female infertility and long-term cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between female infertility and stroke mortality: evidence from the PLCO cancer screening trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Cardiovascular disease in women: traditional and sex-specific risk factors.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Female Infertility: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor or Marker of a Population at Cardiovascular Risk?Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- Life's crucial 9 is inversely and linearly associated with female infertility prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis from NHANES 2013-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- History of Infertility and Midlife Cardiovascular Health in Female Individuals.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Risk of Stroke Hospitalization After Infertility Treatment.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The infertile individual analysis based on whole-exome sequencing in chinese multi-ethnic groups.Genes & genomics · 2023Article
- Infertility and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Markers of Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Pregnancy.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Study protocol for a Developmental Epidemiological Study of Children born through Reproductive Technologies (DESCRT).Human reproduction open · 2023Review
- Prevalence and predictive factors for infertility-related stress among infertile couples: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and the occupied Palestinian territories.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment: An American Society for Preventive Cardiology clinical practice statement.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2022Article
- Association of infertility with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal participants in the Women's Health Initiative.Fertility and sterility · 2022Article
- Infertility and Risk of Heart Failure in the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Assisted reproductive technology: what are the cardiovascular risks for women?Expert review of cardiovascular therapyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. In recent years, attention has turned to infertility and pregnancy-related events as potential markers for early mortality and future CVD.
methodsThe Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of women's health. Women aged 42-52 years with a uterus and ≤ 1 intact ovary, a menstrual period, and no hormone medications within 3 months before enrollment were eligible. Infertility was self-reported and defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of trying to conceive, or use of fertility medications for > 1 month. Outcomes included development of metabolic syndrome over a 7-year follow-up, and any atherosclerotic CVD event (ie, stroke, angina, myocardial infarction) over a 10-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for metabolic syndrome and CVD events in participants with infertility, with adjustment for relevant covariates. Participants without infertility were used as the comparison group.
resultsWe included 2370 participants in the analysis of metabolic syndrome risk, and 2809 participants were included in the analysis of CVD event risk. Participants with self-reported infertility did not have a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (HR, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.15) or experiencing CVD events (HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.21) after adjusting for relevant covariates.
conclusionsInfertility was not associated with development of metabolic syndrome or CVD events in women; further research is required to investigate the effects of specific causes of infertility and fertility treatments on CVD outcomes.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.