Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34026949›Full record

ArticleCurrent opinion in behavioral sciences2021

Timescales of Cognition in the Brain.

Alireza Soltani, John D Murray, Hyojung Seo, Daeyeol Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Neural Oscillation as a Selective Modulatory Mechanism on Decision Confidence, Speed, and Accuracy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Cognitive processes are disentangled at cortex-wide scales.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Consistent Hierarchies of Single-Neuron Timescales in Mice, Macaques, and Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  16. Uncovering a Timescale Hierarchy by Studying the Brain in a Natural Context.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Computational and Neural Evidence for Altered Fast and Slow Learning from Losses in Problem Gambling.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  19. Hierarchical gradients of multiple timescales in the mammalian forebrain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  20. Multiple Intrinsic Timescales Govern Distinct Brain States in Human Sleep.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alireza SoltaniDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Moore Hall, 3 Maynard St, Hanover, NH 03755.
John D MurrayDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511.
Hyojung SeoDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511.
Daeyeol LeeThe Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218.

Funding

CRCNS Research Proposal: Cortico-amygdalar substrates of adaptive learningR01DA047870 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Alicia Izquierdo, Alireza Soltani · 2018 to 2026
$4.1M
Corticostriatal mechanisms of causal inference and temporal credit assignment.RF1NS118463 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SEO, HYOJUNG · 2020 to 2020
$2.2M
Neural Basis of temporal decision makingR01MH108629 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, DAEYEOL · 2016 to 2020
$2.2M
CRCNS: Neural Basis of PlanningR01MH118925 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, DAEYEOL, MA, WEI JI · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
Linking Large-Scale Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia to Cortical Circuit Function at the Individual Level through Computational Modeling and Multimodal NeuroimagingR01MH112746 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MURRAY, JOHN DAVID · 2017 to 2020
$1.7M
Corticostriatal mechanisms of causal inference and temporal credit assignment.R01NS118463 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SEO, HYOJUNG · 2023 to 2024
$1.4M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047870NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH108629NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112746NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118925NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS118463NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS118463
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We live in a world that changes on many timescales. To learn and make decisions appropriately, the human brain has evolved to integrate various types of information, such as sensory evidence and reward feedback, on multiple timescales. This is reflected in cortical hierarchies of timescales consisting of heterogeneous neuronal activities and expression of genes related to neurotransmitters critical for learning. We review the recent findings on how timescales of sensory and reward integration are affected by the temporal properties of sensory and reward signals in the environment. Despite existing evidence linking behavioral and neuronal timescales, future studies must examine how neural computations at multiple timescales are adjusted and combined to influence behavior flexibly.

Indexed as

cortical hierarchydecision makinglearning raterecurrent neural networkreinforcement learningvolatilityWorking memory

Identifiers

PMID34026949
PMCPMC8136243

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.