ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2021
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Treatment With Apatinib and Osimertinib After Osimertinib Resistance in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma-A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Clinical Study.
Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of osimertinib combined with anlotinib in EGFR-mutant non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with gradual progression after first-line osimertinib therapy: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the past 30 years (1997-2026).Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Navigating the landscape of EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC - mechanisms and evolving treatment approaches.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: promising strategies to overcoming challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of osimertinib plus anlotinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients after drug resistance.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- The exploration of three different treatment models of osimertinib plus antiangiogenic agents in non-small cell lung cancer: A real-world study.Thoracic cancer · 2022Article
- [Research Progress of Angiogenesis Inhibitors Plus EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2022Review
- Osimertinib Rechallenge With Bevacizumab vs. Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients With Osimertinib Resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Treatment with Anlotinib After Chemotherapy and EGFR-TKI Resistance in Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma with ConcurrentCancer management and research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, there are limited treatment options for patients who developed resistance to osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Resistance to EGFR inhibitors is frequently associated with enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. This multicenter, retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment with apatinib and osimertinib in 39 patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who developed osimertinib resistance. The patients received the combination of oral apatinib 250 mg qd and osimertinib 80 mg qd. The efficacy was evaluated after the first month then every 2 months thereafter. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The overall response rate (ORR) and the disease control rate (DCR) of the combination of apatinib and osimertinib was 12.8% (5/39) and 79.5% (31/39), respectively. The median PFS was 4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5-4.5 months]. Fourteen patients were administered with at least 6 months of combination therapy, and 11 of them remained on treatment programs. The 6-month PFS rate was 38%. Nine patients underwent biopsies after failing osimertinib treatment, and five of six patients with TP53 mutations had PFS of less than 3 months. The spectrum of resistance to osimertinib mechanisms included c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) amplification, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gain-of-function mutation, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss-of-function mutation, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) amplification, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mutation. The most common adverse events were hypertension (30.7%, 12/39), diarrhea (15.4%, 6/39), and proteinuria (12.8%, 5/39). The combination of apatinib and osimertinib improved the ORR and the DCR of patients with osimertinib-refractory EGFR-positive NSCLC, thus making it a reasonable treatment choice after the development of osimertinib resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.