ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021
The Human Microbiome, an Emerging Key-Player in the Sex Gap in Respiratory Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Probiotics on the Performance of Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- How biological sex shapes differences in immune responses to infection.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of serum Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in patients with acute respiratory infections: a large retrospective study.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Article
- Presence of Dolosigranulum pigrum in the nasopharynx and its relationship with respiratory health status in paediatric population.PloS one · 2026Article
- Host Genetics and the Skin Microbiome Independently Predict Parasite Resistance.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Revisiting microgenderome: detecting and cataloguing sexually unique and enriched species in human microbiomes.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Distinctive features of the oropharyngeal microbiome in Inuit of Nunavik and correlations of mild to moderate bronchial obstruction with dysbiosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Microbiota Profile of the Nasal Cavity According to Lifestyles in Healthy Adults in Santiago, Chile.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Asthma and Respiratory Infections From Birth to Young Adulthood.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies,Biology letters · 2022Article
- Differences of the Nasal Microbiome and Mycobiome by Clinical Characteristics of COPD Patients.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sex gap is well-documented in respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While the differences between males and females in prevalence, severity and prognosis are well-established, the pathophysiology of the sex difference has been poorly characterized to date. Over the past 10 years, metagenomics-based studies have revealed the presence of a resident microbiome in the respiratory tract and its central role in respiratory disease. The lung microbiome is associated with host immune response and health outcomes in both animal models and patient cohorts. The study of the lung microbiome is therefore an interesting new avenue to explore in order to understand the sex gap observed in respiratory diseases. Another important parameter to consider is the gut-lung axis, since the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in distant immune modulation in respiratory diseases, and an intestinal "microgenderome" has been reported: i.e., sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome. The microgenderome provides new pathophysiological clues, as it defines the interactions between microbiome, sex hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. As research on the microbiome is increasing in volume and scope, the objective of this review was to describe the state-of-the-art on the sex gap in respiratory medicine (acute pulmonary infection and chronic lung disease) in the light of the microbiome, including evidence of local (lung) or distant (gut) contributions to the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.