ArticleToxicology reports2021
A randomized controlled study in healthy participants to explore the exposure continuum when smokers switch to a tobacco heating product or an E-cigarette relative to cessation.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of heated tobacco products on biomarkers of potential harm and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Critical appraisal of interventional clinical trials assessing heated tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2024Pooled it
- Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing the impact of protonating acid combinations in e-cigarette liquids: a randomised, crossover study on nicotine pharmacokinetics.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- An assessment of nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the pulze heated tobacco system compared with cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- A randomised, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDIHarm reduction journal · 2022Trial
- A Narrative Review of the Potential Impact of Next-Generation Tobacco and Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Health.Cureus · 2026Review
- Heated tobacco products vs conventional cigarettes: a scoping review of cardiovascular and respiratory clinical outcomes.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens associated with combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and heated tobacco products: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Document analysis of the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World's scientific outputs and activities: a case study in contemporary tobacco industry agnogenesis.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Comparative toxicological assessment of cigarettes and new category products via anToxicology reports · 2024Article
- Review
- What Can Current Biomarker Data Tell Us About the Risks of Lung Cancer Posed by Heated Tobacco Products?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The effects of electronic cigarette use patterns on health-related symptom burden and quality of life: analysis of US prospective longitudinal cohort study data.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in exclusive users of electronic cigarettes and current, former, and never smokers.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Chemical andToxicology reports · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm in Exclusive Users of Nicotine Pouches and Current, Former, and Never Smokers: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Clinical Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Changes in biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of potential harm after 360 days in smokers who either continue to smoke, switch to a tobacco heating product or quit smoking.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Designing Studies to Inform Tobacco Harm Reduction: Learnings From an Oral Nicotine Pouch Actual Use Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking is associated with a number of diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and tobacco-heating products (THPs) as an alternative to cigarettes, which may reduce the health burden associated with smoking. However, an exposure continuum when smokers switch to ECs or THPs compared to complete smoking cessation is not well established.
methods148 healthy smokers were randomized to either continue smoking cigarettes, switch to using the glo THP or a prototype EC, or completely quit any nicotine or tobacco product use for 5 days, after a 2-day baseline period. During this study breath and 24-h urine samples were collected for Biomarker of Exposure (BoE) analysis.
resultsAfter a 5-day switching period BoE levels showed a substantial significant decrease in levels from baseline in the groups using the glo THP, the prototype EC, and having quit all nicotine and tobacco use. On an exposure continuum, smokers who completely quit nicotine had the lowest levels of assessed BoEs, followed by those who switched to the EC and then those who switched to glo THP use. Participants who continued to smoke had the highest levels of BoEs.
conclusionsTHP or EC use over a 5-day period resulted in significant reductions in exposure to smoke toxicants, in some cases to levels similar to those for nicotine cessation. These results show that on an exposure continuum, nicotine cessation gives the greatest reduction in exposure to tobacco smoke toxicants, closely followed by the EC and the glo THP. These significant reductions in exposure to toxicants suggest that the glo THP and EC have the potential to be Reduced Risk Products. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN80651909.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.