ArticleJournal of oral biology and craniofacial research
Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition.
Article in Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geranylgeraniol as a Modulator of Mevalonate Pathway Disruption: A Scoping Review of Cellular Mechanisms and Skeletal Outcomes in Osteoporosis Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Improvement of osteoblast adhesion, viability, and mineralization by restoring the cell cytoskeleton after bisphosphonate discontinuation in vitro.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Article
- Effects of Silver Diamine Nitrate and Silver Diamine Fluoride on Dentin Remineralization and Cytotoxicity to Dental Pulp Cells: An In Vitro Study.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Article
- Duration and timing of bisphosphonate treatment as factors determining osteoblast mineralization.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is prescribed to treat bone diseases. ALN acts as an inhibitor of enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, which results in reducing osteoblast viability and mineralization. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a substrate in mevalonate pathway and mediates protein prenylation in the cells.
objectiveTo investigate the effects of GGOH on ALN-treated osteoblast activities in order to improve the application of GGOH.
methodsMC3T3 cells were treated with ALN. GGOH were added at different time points. Cell activities were examined using alizarin red S, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
resultsALN decreased mineralization. In the presence of ALN, GGOH addition at the first week of culture increased mineralization compared with the addition at other time points. ALN treatment for 7 days caused a reduction in osteoblast and pre-osteoblast viability compared with untreated cells. GGOH supplement partially rescued cell viability and increased total protein in cells treated with ALN. Furthermore, GGOH significantly upregulated gene expressions of Col I, OPN, VEGF, and VEGFR2.
conclusionGGOH could be best applied at the early stage of osteogenesis since GGOH helped increasing cell viability and differentiation at the first 7 day of treatment.
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