Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34026463›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021

All-Inkjet-Printed 3D Alveolar Barrier Model with Physiologically Relevant Microarchitecture.

Dayoon Kang, Ju An Park, Woojo Kim, Seongju Kim, Hwa-Rim Lee, Woo-Jong Kim, Joo-Yeon Yoo, Sungjune Jung

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Tools of the trade: leveraging 3DFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026
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  16. Engineering in vitro vascular microsystems.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dayoon KangSchool of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Ju An ParkDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Woojo KimDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Seongju KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Hwa-Rim LeeDepartment of Convergence IT Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Woo-Jong KimDepartment of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Joo-Yeon YooDepartment of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.
Sungjune JungSchool of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu Pohang 37673 Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-9258-0572
Pohang University of Science and Technology · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the outbreak of new respiratory viruses and high mortality rates of pulmonary diseases, physiologically relevant models of human respiratory system are urgently needed to study disease pathogenesis, drug efficacy, and pharmaceutics. In this paper, a 3D alveolar barrier model fabricated by printing four human alveolar cell lines, namely, type I and II alveolar cells (NCI-H1703 and NCI-H441), lung fibroblasts (MRC5), and lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC-5a) is presented. Automated high-resolution deposition of alveolar cells by drop-on-demand inkjet printing enables to fabricate a three-layered alveolar barrier model with an unprecedented thickness of ≈10 µm. The results show that the 3D structured model better recapitulate the structure, morphologies, and functions of the lung tissue, compared not only to a conventional 2D cell culture model, as expected, but also a 3D non-structured model of a homogeneous mixture of the alveolar cells and collagen. Finally, it is demonstrated that this thin multilayered model reproduce practical tissue-level responses to influenza infection. Drop-on-demand inkjet-printing is an enabling technology for customization, scalable manufacturing, and standardization of their size and growth, and it is believed that this 3D alveolar barrier model can be used as an alternative to traditional test models for pathological and pharmaceutical applications.

Indexed as

Alveolar Epithelial CellsBioprintingCells, CulturedCollagenEndothelial CellsFibroblastsHumansLungPrinting, Three-DimensionalTissue EngineeringCollagen3D culturesair‐blood barrierbioprintinginfluenza A viruslungs

Identifiers

PMID34026463
PMCPMC8132150
OpenAlexW3133642573

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.