Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34024157›Full record

SynthesisAsia-Pacific journal of public health2021

Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: A Systematic Review.

Raksha Thapa, Edwin van Teijlingen, Pramod Raj Regmi, Vanessa Heaslip

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Asia-Pacific journal of public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Examining Explicit and Implicit Caste Bias Among Healthcare Providers in India.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
    Article
  3. Disparity in non-communicable disease burden attributable to ambient PMJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Contextualisation of the safeTALK™ Suicide Prevention Program: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  13. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Raksha ThapaBournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1045-7832
Edwin van TeijlingenBournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
Pramod Raj RegmiBournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
Vanessa HeaslipBournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The caste system is social stratification system that has been used over the last 3 millennia. This review aims to investigate caste-based inequity in health care utilization in South Asia, particularly focusing those at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, commonly known as Dalit communities. A systematic methodology was followed; key databases (including CINAHL, Medline, SocINDEX, PubMed, Nepjol, JSTOR, and ASSIA) were searched for relevant articles published before October 2019, using comprehensive search strategy in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In total 15,109 papers were found, and from these, nine selected papers were included in the review. The papers focused on studies in both India (n = 7) and Nepal (n = 2) and utilized a range of methods including qualitative (n = 2), quantitative (n = 3), and mixed methods (n = 4) approaches. The review identified four main themes: stigma, poverty, cultures and beliefs, and health care. Caste-based inequity impacts upon all aspects of an individual's well-being including violence and everyday life risks. Caste also impacts upon individuals' opportunities to access education, employment, and health care. Dalits appear to experience this more significantly due to both poverty and their caste status, which increases their vulnerability to health risks.

Indexed as

PovertySocial ClassAsiaHumansIndiaSocial StigmaAsiacasteDalitshealth accesshealth equityhealth utilizationsocial exclusion

Identifiers

PMID34024157
PMCPMC8592103

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.