ArticleArchives of plastic surgery2021
Computerized Sunnybrook facial grading scale (SBface) application for facial paralysis evaluation.
Article in Archives of plastic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Telerehabilitation for peripheral facial palsy: A scoping review.Journal of telemedicine and telecare · 2026Article
- Tele-exercise mobile app for patients with facial paralysis: development and usability study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Mathematical Validation of the Modified Sunnybrook Facial Grading System Using Four-dimensional Imaging.Journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023Article
- Protection of the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves by different surgical procedures in comprehensive cervical lymphadenectomy for locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a multicenter experience.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Novelty in the Impact of Physical Therapy in a Known Case of Right-Sided Grade V Facial Nerve Palsy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2022Article
- Aspiration Risk Screening With Tongue Pressure Measurement in Acute Stroke: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study Using STARD Guidelines.SAGE open nursingArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Sunnybrook facial grading scale is a comprehensive scale for the evaluation of facial paralysis patients. Its results greatly depend on subjective input. This study aimed to develop and validate an automated Sunnybrook facial grading scale (SBface) to more objectively assess disfigurement due to facial paralysis.
methodsAn application compatible with iOS version 11.0 and up was developed. The software automatically detected facial features in standardized photographs and generated scores following the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. Photographic data from 30 unilateral facial paralysis patients were randomly sampled for validation. Intrarater reliability was tested by conducting two identical tests at a 2-week interval. Interrater reliability was tested between the software and three facial nerve clinicians.
resultsA beta version of the SBface application was tested. Intrarater reliability showed excellent congruence between the two tests. Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between the software and an otolaryngologist, including the total scores of the three individual software domains and composite scores. However, 74.4% (29/39) of the subdomain items showed low to zero correlation with the human raters (κ<0.2). The correlations between the human raters showed good congruence for most of the total and composite scores, with 10.3% (4/39) of the subdomain items failing to correspond (κ<0.2).
conclusionsThe SBface application is efficient and accurate for evaluating the degree of facial paralysis based on the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. However, correlations of the software-derived results with those of human raters are limited by the software algorithm and the raters' inconsistency.
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