ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2021
Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Three-year Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Among Children, Parental Awareness, and Contributors of Infection: A Single-school Cohort Study in Chiba, Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Pediatric antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination in Calgary, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies and Cytokine Profiles in Pregnancy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Persistent humoral immune response in youth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective school-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Point-of-Care Thoracic Ultrasound in Children: New Advances in Pediatric Emergency Setting.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and Swabs: Disease Severity and the Numbers of Cycles of Gene Amplification, Single Center Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Role of Immunity in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Protection Generated by COVID-19 Vaccines in Different Age Groups.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Emergency Department Admissions of Children with Chest Pain before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of Cardio-Respiratory Function in Overweight and Obese Children Wearing Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Adenomesenteritis following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Children: A Case Report and Review of The Literature.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Clinical picture and long-term symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian pediatric population.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Safety of the Use of Face Masks in Pediatric Age.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
- Change in Pediatric Health Care Spending and Drug Utilization during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Assessment of respiratory function in children wearing a N95 mask with or without an exhalation valve: Data compared.Data in brief · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among the population has occurred quite recently, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term duration of antibody response, especially in children. It is therefore crucial to clarify this aspect, considering its implications in the development of successful surveillance strategies, therapies, and vaccinations. The aim of this study was to assess the antibody response in a children group after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to compare it with that of their parents affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We enrolled 12 children and their parents, both groups being affected by COVID-19 in April 2020. In the children's group, we collected real-time RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and gene characterization of first nasal-throat swab at the time of diagnosis (T0); 30 days after the diagnosis (T30), we performed blood tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Finally, 180 days after the diagnosis (T180), we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in both children and parents. In children, antibody levels declined significantly at 180 days (T180) after first measurement (T30). There were no significant differences in IgG level related to age, sex, and clinical manifestations. We found a significant correlation between IgG titers at T30 and Ct value of gene N. Children showed a lower level of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at T180 compared to their parents.Conclusion: Antibody responses in children waned 180 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and at the same time, their parents showed a different antibody response to the virus. These results highlight that serological tests should be used with caution in surveillance strategies among the general population. What is known: • Currently is not known how long antibody response will be maintained or if it protects from reinfection. • Recent reports in adults suggest that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 declined several months after infection, but data are missing in pediatric age. What is new: • We showed that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 wane several months after infection also in children with quantitative differences in antibody levels between children and adults. • In this context, serological tests should be used with caution in surveillance strategies.
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