ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021
Circulating mature granzyme B+ T cells distinguish Crohn's disease-associated axial spondyloarthritis from axial spondyloarthritis and Crohn's disease.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Single-cell transcriptome landscape of circulating CD4Cell genomics · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Serum immune profiling suggests overlap between IBD patients with joint complaints and patients with spondyloarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- DBI Mediates the Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Regulating CD56Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2025Article
- Advancing skeletal health and disease research with single-cell RNA sequencing.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Big Data in Gastroenterology Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Single-cell RNA-seq reveals altered NK cell subsets and reduced levels of cytotoxic molecules in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- The arthritis connection to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): why has it taken so long to understand it?RMD open · 2021Review
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing in Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Current Applications, Challenges and a Step Toward Precision Medicine.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has strong connections with intestinal inflammation as occurs in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the immunologic mechanisms that distinguish axSpA, CD, and those with features of both diseases (CD-axSpA) are unknown. This study aimed to address this question by initial unbiased single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) on a pilot cohort followed by validating findings using flow cytometry and ELISA in a larger cohort.
methodsTwo individuals each with CD, axSpA, CD-axSpA, and healthy controls (HC) were recruited for a pilot discovery scRNAseq cohort, and the validation cohort consisted of 18 axSpA, 24 CD, 13 CD-axSpA, and 17 HC that was evaluated by flow cytometry on PBMCs and ELISAs for plasma cytokines.
resultsUniquely, PBMCs from subjects with CD-axSpA demonstrated a significant increase in granzyme B+ T cells of both CD4+ and CD8+ lineages by both scRNAseq and flow cytometry. T cell maturation was also greater in those with CD-axSpA, particularly the CD4+ granzyme B+ population. Pathway analysis suggested increased interferon response genes in all immune cell populations within CD-axSpA. Although IFN-γ was elevated in the plasma of a subset of subjects with CD-axSpA, IL-6 was also significantly elevated.
conclusionsOur findings support the presence of a chronic interferonopathy in subjects with CD-axSpA characterized by interferon signaling by pathway analysis and an expansion of mature, cytotoxic T cells. These data indicate fundamental immunological differences between CD-axSpA and both of the putative "parent" conditions, suggesting that it is a distinct disease with unique natural history and treatment needs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.