Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34022908›Full record

SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021

The impact of exercise interventions concerning executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xiao Liang, Ru Li, Stephen H S Wong, Raymond K W Sum, Cindy H P Sit

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05668195 (Research and Promotion of Systematic Aerobic Exercise and Intelligent Monitoring System in Executive Skill Training for School-aged Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 21 pooled it
14.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05668195 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Research and Promotion of Systematic Aerobic Exercise and Intelligent Monitoring System in Executive Skill Training for School-aged Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorChen LiRan2022 to 2024Enrolled200ConditionsADHDArmssystematic aerobic exercise and intelligent monitoring system in executive skill training, executive skill training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Xiao LiangDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chines University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
Ru LiFaculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Stephen H S WongDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chines University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
Raymond K W SumDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chines University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
Cindy H P SitDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chines University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. sithp@cuhk.edu.hk.ORCID 0000-0001-9992-7866
University of Hong Kong · HKEducation University of Hong Kong · HKShenzhen University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies found that exercise interventions have positive effects on executive functions of the general population. However, studies seldom target executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to synthesise empirical studies regarding the effects of exercise interventions on executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD.

methodsA systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in March 2020 through six electronic databases: CINAHL Complete, Eric, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and Web of Science. Randomised controlled trials/quasi-experimental designs that applied exercise interventions and assessed executive functions through neurocognitive tasks among children and adolescents with ADHD were included. Altogether, 314 studies were identified, from which 31 full texts were independently assessed by two authors for eligibility. Finally, 21 studies underwent systematic reviews and 15 were selected for meta-analysis. Data extraction procedures and risk of bias analysis were conducted by two independent authors using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.

resultsThe findings indicated that exercise interventions improved overall executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD (SMD = 0.611, 95% CI [0.386 to 0.836], p < 0.01). Exercise interventions had a moderate-to-large positive effect on inhibitory control (g = 0.761, 95% CI [0.376 to 1.146], p < 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (g = 0.780, 95% CI [0.331 to 1.228], p < 0.001). Likewise, during the subgroup analysis, intervention intensity and sessions of exercise (acute vs chronic) significantly moderated exercise intervention rather than intervention type.

conclusionsChronic sessions of exercise interventions with moderate intensity should be incorporated as treatment for children with ADHD to promote executive functions.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyAdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildExecutive FunctionExerciseHumansTreatment OutcomeADHDChildren and adolescentsExecutive functionsPhysical activity

Identifiers

PMID34022908
PMCPMC8141166
OpenAlexW3164546428

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.