ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021
Three chemotypes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil and their main compounds affect differently the IL-6 and TNFα cytokine secretions of BV-2 microglia by modulating the NF-κB and C/EBPβ signalling pathways.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-resolved metabolomic chemotyping identifies tryptophan and γ-glutamyl peptides as MGO-AGEs breaking postbiotic compounds for carbonyl stress mitigation.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- C/EBPβ Drives Ischemia-Induced Microglial Inflammatory Reprogramming Through Transcriptional Activation of ATF3 and Exacerbates Brain Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Cyclic CAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Physicochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Use of Spice Herbs May Reduce Chronic Inflammation and Improve the Quality of Life of Women with Metabolic Syndrome-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Anti-Neuroinflammation Activity of Essential Oils and Fatty Acids.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Buyang Huanwu Decoction Modulates the Gut Microbiota-C/EBPβ/AEP Axis to Ameliorate Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Nootropic foods in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and future.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Linalool and Geraniol Defend Neurons from Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Iron Accumulation in In Vitro Parkinson's Models.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils from the Bark and Flower ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of α-humulene on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 cells.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Essential Oil Constituents as Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents: An Insight through Microglia Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- How to Naturally Support the Immune System in Inflammation-Essential Oils as Immune Boosters.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Effects of Thyme (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Flowering phenophases influence the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Immune Defences: A View from the Side of the Essential Oils.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Unveiling Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compositional Differences between Dukkah and Za'atar via SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe essential oils possess both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, therefore they can provide an effective treatment against infections. Essential oils are widely used as supportive ingredients in many diseases, especially in the acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. Neuroinflammation is responsible for several diseases of the central nervous system. Some plant-derived bioactive molecules have been shown to have role in attenuating neuroinflammation by regulating microglia, the immune cells of the CNS.
methodsIn this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of three chemotypes of thyme essential oil and their main compounds (geraniol, thujanol and linalool) were examined on lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglia. Three different experimental setups were used, LPS pretreatment, essential oil pretreatment and co-treatments of LPS and essential oils in order to determine whether essential oils are able to prevent inflammation and can decrease it. The concentrations of the secreted tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) proinflammatory cytokines were measured and we analysed by Western blot the activity of the cell signalling pathways, NF-κB and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) regulating TNFα and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine expressions in BV-2 cells.
resultsOur results showed definite alterations in the effects of essential oil chemotypes and their main compounds at the different experimental setups. Considering the changes of IL-6 and TNFα secretions the best reduction of inflammatory cytokines could be reached by the pretreatment with the essential oils. In addition, the main compounds exerted better effects than essential oil chemotypes in case of LPS pretreatment. At the essential oil pretreatment experiment, the effect of linalool and geraniol was outstanding but there was no major difference between the actions of chemotypes and standards. Main compounds could be seen to have large inhibitory effects on certain cell signalling components related to the activation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
conclusionThyme essential oils are good candidates to use in prevention of neuroinflammation and related neurodegeneration, but the exact ratio of the components has to be selected carefully.
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