ArticleBMC medical informatics and decision making2021
Evaluation of the accuracy of diagnostic coding for influenza compared to laboratory results: the availability of test results before hospital discharge facilitates improved coding accuracy.
Article in BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Characteristics of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that utilise ICD-coded data: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Burden of Severe Influenza in England Among Overall Population and High-Risk Groups: Results From the INFORM Study, 2022-2023.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance Diagnostic Code Selection for Assessing Severity of Seasonal Influenza in New South Wales, Australia.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- County-Level Influenza-Attributable Emergency Department Visits and Their Spatial Correlates in the United States: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Observational
- Development and validation of a computable phenotype for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Learning health systems · 2025Article
- Surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections associated with SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus and RSV using ICD-10 codes: a case definition accuracy study across five European countries, 2021 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations: a national all ages cross-section evaluation, 2020-2024.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- Article
- Breaking ICD Codes: Identifying Ambiguous Respiratory Infection Codes via Regional Diagnosis Heterogeneity.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Influenza in Adults Seeking Care at Seven European Emergency Departments: A Prospective Active Surveillance During the 2019-2020 Influenza Season.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Hospitalizations and emergency attendance averted by influenza vaccination in Victoria, Australia, 2017 - 2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Burden of Neurologic Health Care and Incident Neurologic Diagnoses in the Year After COVID-19 or Influenza Hospitalization.Neurology · 2024Article
- Estimates of Seasonal Influenza Burden That Could Be Averted by Improved Influenza Vaccines in the Australian Population Aged Under 65 Years, 2015-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Doctors Identify Hemorrhage Better during Chart Review when Assisted by Artificial Intelligence.Applied clinical informatics · 2023Article
- Factors Associated With the Development of Bacterial Pneumonia Related to Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection: A Study Using a Large-scale Health Insurance Claim Database.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Associations between severe and notifiable respiratory infections during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital anomalies at birth: a register-based cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Accuracy of COVID-19-Like Illness Diagnoses in Electronic Health Record Data: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssessing the accuracy of diagnostic coding is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of administrative coded data. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of assigned International Classification of Diseases version 10-Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) codes for influenza by comparing with patients' results of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based laboratory tests.
methodA retrospective study was conducted across seven public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. A total of 16,439 patients who were admitted and tested by either cartridge-based rapid PCR or batched multiplex PCR between January 2016 and December 2017 met the inclusion criteria. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ICD-10-AM coding using laboratory results as a gold standard. Separate analyses were conducted to determine whether the availability of test results at the time of hospital discharge influenced diagnostic coding accuracy.
resultsLaboratory results revealed 2759 positive influenza cases, while ICD-10-AM coding identified 2527 patients. Overall, 13.7% (n = 378) of test positive patients were not assigned an ICD-10-AM code for influenza. A further 5.8% (n = 146) patients with negative test results were incorrectly assigned an ICD-10-AM code for influenza. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of ICD-10-AM coding were 93.1%; 98.9%; 94.5% and 98.6% respectively when test results were received before discharge and 32.7%; 99.2%; 87.8% and 89.8% respectively when test results were not available at discharge. The sensitivity of ICD-10-AM coding varied significantly across hospitals. The use of rapid PCR or hospitalisation during the influenza season were associated with greater coding accuracy.
conclusionAlthough ICD-10-AM coding for influenza demonstrated high accuracy when laboratory results were received before discharge, its sensitivity was substantially lower for patients whose test results were not available at discharge. The timely availability of laboratory test results during the episode of care could contribute to improved coding accuracy.
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