ArticleEnvironmental research2021
Secondhand smoke exposure assessment in outdoor hospitality venues across 11 European countries.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of secondhand smoke on air quality in partially enclosed outdoor hospitality venues: a review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-source secondhand smoke exposure and dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Smoking at football clubs: the Netherlands compared to Germany.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a smoke-free beaches intervention in Barcelona: a quasi-experimental study.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish children, 2016-2019.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDue to partial or poorly enforced restrictions secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is still present in outdoor hospitality venues in many European countries. This study aimed to assess SHS concentrations in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe and identify contextual exposure determinants.
methodsCross-sectional study. We measured airborne nicotine and evidence of tobacco use in terraces of bars, cafeterias, and pubs from 11 European countries in 2017-2018. Sites were selected considering area-level socioeconomic indicators and half were visited during nighttime. We noted the smell of smoke, presence of smokers, cigarette butts, ashtrays, and number of physical covers. Contextual determinants included national smoke-free policies for the hospitality sector, the Tobacco Control Scale score (2016), and the national smoking prevalence (2017-2018). We computed medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of nicotine concentrations and used multivariate analyses to characterize the exposure determinants.
resultsNicotine was present in 93.6% of the 220 sites explored. Overall concentrations were 0.85 (IQR:0.30-3.74) μg/m
conclusionsOur results suggest that current restrictions in outdoor hospitality venues across Europe have a limited protective effect and justify the adoption of total smoking bans in outdoor areas of hospitality venues.
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