ArticleCell stem cell2021
SARS-CoV-2 infects human adult donor eyes and hESC-derived ocular epithelium.
Article in Cell stem cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Putative Self-Organizing Human Corneal Organoids Recapitulate Human Corneal Architecture and Cellular Diversity.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viral mechanisms, tropism, and clinical relevance regarding the ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Advances in dry eye disease: from immunopathological mechanisms to emerging ophthalmic drug delivery systems.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- A survey of SARS-CoV-2 tropism.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Organoids: physiologically relevantJournal of virology · 2025Review
- Insight into the shared pathogenic link between COVID-19 and pterygium: a systematic bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation.Hereditas · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Stem Cells of Corneal Epithelia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- The influence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on retinal development in the human retinal organoids.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- A risk-risk tradeoff approach for incorporating the public's risk perceptions into quantitative microbial risk assessment.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses.Viruses · 2025Review
- Review
- Productive infection of the retinal pigment epithelium by SARS-CoV-2: Initial effects and consideration of long-term consequences.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Overcoming Low mRNA Expression in White Matter: A Protocol for RNA Extraction From the Optic Nerve in Large Animals for Transcriptomic Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Advances in Organoid Technology: A Focus on Corneal Limbal Organoids.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Conditional reprogrammed human limbal epithelial cell model for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug screening.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Ocular A-to-I RNA editing signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infects cells lining the blood-retinal barrier and induces a hyperinflammatory immune response in the retina via systemic exposure.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Properties and Mechanisms of Deletions, Insertions, and Substitutions in the Evolutionary History of SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Development trends of human organoid-based COVID-19 research based on bibliometric analysis.Cell proliferation · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused unparalleled disruption of global behavior and significant loss of life. To minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, understanding the mechanisms of infection from all possible routes of entry is essential. While aerosol transmission is thought to be the primary route of spread, viral particles have been detected in ocular fluid, suggesting that the eye may be a vulnerable point of viral entry. To this end, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 entry factor and antigen expression in post-mortem COVID-19 patient ocular surface tissue and observed productive viral replication in cadaver samples and eye organoid cultures, most notably in limbal regions. Transcriptional analysis of ex vivo infected ocular surface cells and hESC-derived eye cultures revealed robust induction of NF-κB in infected cells as well as diminished type I/III interferon signaling. Together these data suggest that the eye can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 and implicate limbus as a portal for viral entry.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.