Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34021943›Full record

ReviewJournal of internal medicine2021

Transitioning from cerebrospinal fluid to blood tests to facilitate diagnosis and disease monitoring in Alzheimer's disease.

D O T Alawode, A J Heslegrave, N J Ashton, T K Karikari, J Simrén, L Montoliu-Gaya, J Pannee, A O Connor, P S J Weston, J Lantero-Rodriguez and 8 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05260177 (ALZLIGHT Stage III - Study on the Effect of 40 Hz Non-Invasive Light Therapy System), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05260177 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

ALZLIGHT Stage III - Study on the Effect of 40 Hz Non-Invasive Light Therapy System

TypeinterventionalSponsorZealand University HospitalRan2022 to 2028Enrolled62ConditionsAlzheimer's DiseaseArmsLight Therapy System (LTS): Active Setting, Light Therapy System (LTS): Sham Setting
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Multicenter validation of plasma p-tau217/ amyloid beta 1-42 ratio in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Association of plasma biomarkers with amyloid and tau PET in pre-dementia stages.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

D O T AlawodeFrom the, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0024-3147
A J HeslegraveFrom the, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7290-6405
N J AshtonDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3579-8804
T K KarikariDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1422-4358
J SimrénDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5081-6604
L Montoliu-GayaDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7684-6318
J PanneeDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3608-3819
A O ConnorUK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4467-128X
P S J WestonDementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1033-9916
J Lantero-RodriguezDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-7426-678X
A KeshavanDementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1043-5721
A SnellmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6191-0954
J GobomDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6193-6193
R W PatersonDementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9372-3635
J M SchottDementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2059-024X
K BlennowDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1890-4193
N C FoxUK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6660-657X
H ZetterbergFrom the, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3930-4354
UK Dementia Research Institute · GBSahlgrenska University Hospital · SEUniversity of Gothenburg · SEKing's College London · GBUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

The effects of iron on oxidative stress and Alzheimer's biomarkers in amyloid-positive and negative elderly normalR01AG068398 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI CHIANG, GLORIA CHIA-YI · 2020 to 2024
$2.8M
European Research Council 681712Medical Research Council MR/M003108/1NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068398
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and disease-modifying treatments may soon be at hand; hence, now, more than ever, there is a need to develop techniques that allow earlier and more secure diagnosis. Current biomarker-based guidelines for AD diagnosis, which have replaced the historical symptom-based guidelines, rely heavily on neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. While these have greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy of AD pathophysiology, they are less practical for application in primary care, population-based and epidemiological settings, or where resources are limited. In contrast, blood is a more accessible and cost-effective source of biomarkers in AD. In this review paper, using the recently proposed amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration [AT(N)] criteria as a framework towards a biological definition of AD, we discuss recent advances in biofluid-based biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on those with potential to be translated into blood-based biomarkers. We provide an overview of the research conducted both in CSF and in blood to draw conclusions on biomarkers that show promise. Given the evidence collated in this review, plasma neurofilament light chain (N) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau; T) show particular potential for translation into clinical practice. However, p-tau requires more comparisons to be conducted between its various epitopes before conclusions can be made as to which one most robustly differentiates AD from non-AD dementias. Plasma amyloid beta (A) would prove invaluable as an early screening modality, but it requires very precise tests and robust pre-analytical protocols.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCerebrospinal FluidHematologic TestsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersHumansPeptide Fragmentstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersPeptide Fragmentstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseBloodCerebrospinal fluidDiagnosisDisease monitoringFluid biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID34021943
PMCPMC8416781
OpenAlexW3161967669

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.