SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical investigation2021
Influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccine safety for individuals receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A narrative review of current literature and recommendations for future research.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition enhances memory T-cell responses to CEF(T), SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- RAD001-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Synergizes With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1-Low Murine Lung Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influenza Vaccines for Persons Who Are Immunocompromised: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Current Vaccination Principles and Practices in Adult Cancer Patients.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Review
- Vaccination Against Respiratory Infections in Adults with Cancer: A Concise Guide for Clinicians.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Effects of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents on postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, antibody response, and serological cytokine profile.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Observational
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity is not associated with seroprevalence of neurotropic infections.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Persistence of Immune Response Elicited by Three Doses of mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of Patients with Solid Tumors: A One-Year Follow-Up.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in Patients with Hematologic Diseases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Associations of influenza vaccination with severity of immune-related adverse events in patients with advanced thoracic cancers on immune checkpoint inhibitors.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Vaccination considerations for patients receiving cancer therapy.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2022Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Vaccination for the Prevention of Infection among Immunocompromised Patients: A Concise Review of Recent Systematic Reviews.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Melanoma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency: A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a concern that influenza vaccination may increase the incidence of immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs.
methodsStudies reporting safety and efficacy outcomes of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs were included. Only descriptive statistics were conducted to obtain a pooled rate of immune-related adverse events in vaccinated patients.
resultsTen studies assessing the safety and eight assessing the efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs were identified, for a total of 1124 and 986 vaccinated patients, respectively. Most patients had melanoma or lung cancer and received a single agent anti-PD-1, but also other tumour types and immunotherapy combinations were represented. No severe vaccination-related toxicities were reported. The pooled incidence of any grade immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events was 28.9%. In the 6 studies specifying the incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities, the pooled incidence was 7.5%. No grade 5 toxicities were reported. No pooled descriptive analysis was conducted in studies reporting efficacy outcomes due to the heterogeneity of endpoints and data reporting. Nevertheless, among the eight studies included, seven reported positive efficacy outcomes of influenza vaccination.
conclusionThe results of this systematic review support the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving ICIs. These results are particularly relevant in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.