ArticleLab on a chip2021
Tubular human brain organoids to model microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Article in Lab on a chip, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the make-up and properties of in vitro models of the healthy and diseased blood-brain barrier.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Pooled it
- Immunoids: Building immunocompetent organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Cell stem cell · 2026Review
- Brain organoids as models of extracellular vesicle-mediated human neural communication.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Organoids: generation strategies, applications, and future challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Engineering Human Retinal Organoids and Eye-on-a-Chip Models for Degenerative Eye Disease.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation in Dialogue: Mapping Gaps, Modulating Microglia, Rewiring Aging.Cells · 2026Review
- Organoid-microglia system for modeling the immune microenvironment of the brain and retina.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding monocyte-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease using human cortical organoid microphysiological systems.Science advances · 2025Article
- Generation of Neural Organoids and Their Application in Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Engineering blood-brain barrier microphysiological systems to model Alzheimer's disease monocyte penetration and infiltration.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Vascular network-inspired diffusible scaffolds for engineering functional midbrain organoids.Cell stem cell · 2025Article
- The potential of brain organoids in addressing the heterogeneity of synucleinopathies.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Utilizing Human Brain Organoids to Study Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Human brain organoids for understanding substance use disorders.Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages as a platform for modelling human disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with brain organoids: from development to disease applications.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Organoids-on-a-chip: microfluidic technology enables culture of organoids with enhanced tissue function and potential for disease modeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Advances in Human Brain Organoids: Methodological Innovations and Future Directions for Drug Discovery.Current drug research reviews · 2025Review
- Human brain organoids: an innovative model for neurological disorder research and therapy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human brain organoids, 3D brain tissue cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cells, hold promising potential in modeling neuroinflammation for a variety of neurological diseases. However, challenges remain in generating standardized human brain organoids that can recapitulate key physiological features of a human brain. Here, we present tubular organoid-on-a-chip devices to generate better organoids and model neuroinflammation. By employing 3D printed hollow mesh scaffolds, our device can be easily incorporated into multiwell-plates for reliable, scalable, and reproducible generation of tubular organoids. By introducing rocking flows through the tubular device channel, our device can perfuse nutrients and oxygen to minimize organoid necrosis and hypoxia, and incorporate immune cells into organoids to model neuro-immune interactions. Compared with conventional protocols, our method increased neural progenitor proliferation and reduced heterogeneity of human brain organoids. As a proof-of-concept application, we applied this method to model the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after exposure to an opioid receptor agonist. We found isogenic microglia were activated after exposure to an opioid receptor agonist (DAMGO) and transformed back to the homeostatic status with further treatment by a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist (LY2828360). Importantly, the activated microglia in tubular organoids had stronger cytokine responses compared to those in 2D microglial cultures. Our tubular organoid device is simple, versatile, inexpensive, easy-to-use, and compatible with multiwell-plates, so it can be widely used in common research and clinical laboratory settings. This technology can be broadly used for basic and translational applications in inflammatory diseases including substance use disorders, neural diseases, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.