ArticlePediatric research2021
Pediatric drug overdose mortality: contextual and policy effects for children under 12 years.
Article in Pediatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unintentional poisoning exposures: how does modeling the opening of child-resistant containers influence children's behaviors?Journal of pediatric psychology · 2024Trial
- Unintentional ingestion of recreational drugs among young children, 2000-2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Opioid deaths in children in Ontario: A province-wide study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Investigating the relationship between the intoxicated drug and clinical profile of children with drug poisoning: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary referral hospital.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Assessment of co-ingestion effects on poisoning patterns, drug-drug interactions, and adverse outcomes in acute toxic exposure.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Physiologically based modeling reveals different risk of respiratory depression after fentanyl overdose between adults and children.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Risk factors for pediatric intoxications in the prehospital setting. A geospatial survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Addressing drug overdose deaths in pediatrics: Where do we go from here?Pediatric research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe determine trends in fatal pediatric drug overdose from 1999 to 2018 and describe the influence of contextual factors and policies on such overdoses.
methodsCombining restricted CDC mortality files with data from other sources, we conducted between-county multilevel models to examine associations of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with pediatric overdose mortality and a fixed-effects analysis to identify how changes in contexts and policies over time shaped county-level fatal pediatric overdoses per 100,000 children under 12 years.
resultsPediatric overdose deaths rose from 0.08/100,000 children in 1999 to a peak of 0.19/100,000 children in 2016, with opioids accounting for an increasing proportion of deaths. Spatial patterns of pediatric overdose deaths are heterogenous. Socioeconomic characteristics are not associated with between-county differences in pediatric overdose mortality. Greater state expenditures on public welfare (B = -0.099; CI: [-0.193, -0.005]) and hospitals (B = -0.222; CI: [-.437, -.007]) were associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality. In years when a Good Samaritan law was in effect, the county-level pediatric overdose rate was lower (B = -0.095; CI: [-0.177, -0.013]).
conclusionsPediatric overdose mortality increased since 1999, peaking in 2016. Good Samaritan laws and investment in hospitals and public welfare may temper pediatric overdoses. Multi-faceted approaches using policy and individual intervention is necessary to reduce pediatric overdose mortality. IMPACT: Pediatric fatalities from psychoactive substances have risen within the U.S. since 1999. Higher levels of state spending on public welfare and hospitals are significantly associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality rates. The implementation of Good Samaritan laws is significantly associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality rates. We identified no county-level sociodemographic factors associated with pediatric overdose mortality. The findings indicate that a multi-faceted approach to the reduction of pediatric overdose is necessary.
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