ArticleNPJ microgravity2021
Trabecular bone organoids: a micron-scale 'humanised' prototype designed to study the effects of microgravity and degeneration.
Article in NPJ microgravity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using Organoids to Unlock the Potential of Human Torpor for Spaceflight.Current stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Emerging engineering strategies in bone organoids: From biomimetic scaffolds to dynamic microenvironmental stimulation.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence virtual bone organoids (AIVBOs).Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Bone organoids and mitochondrial reprogramming.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Bone Organoids as Advanced Models for Osteoporosis: Development, Application, and Future Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advancements in bone organoids: perspectives on construction methodologies and application strategies.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Advances and Challenges in Constructing Bone Organoids Using Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Advancing the 3Rs in bone tissue engineering: emergingFrontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Organoids in Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects.MedComm · 2026Review
- Senescent immune cells, inflammaging, and bone loss: therapeutic potential and translational challenges of senolytics in osteoporosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Organoids and organs-on-chips for accelerating R&D and clinical translation in Orthopaedics: Emerging opportunities and regulatory pathways.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- A workflow integrating organ-on-chip culture and correlative 3D light and electron microscopy for microtissue analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bone organoid construction and evolution.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Intelligent Manufacturing for Osteoarthritis Organoids.Cell proliferation · 2025Review
- Single BMSC-derived cartilage organoids for gradient heterogeneous osteochondral regeneration by leveraging native vascular microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025Review
- Standardization and consensus in the development and application of bone organoids.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Engineering bone/cartilage organoids: strategy, progress, and application.Bone research · 2024Review
- Methodology and Characterization of a 3D Bone Organoid Model Derived from Murine Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advantages of Using 3D Spheroid Culture Systems in Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessment for Osteogenesis Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bone is a highly responsive organ, which continuously adapts to the environment it is subjected to in order to withstand metabolic demands. These events are difficult to study in this particular tissue in vivo, due to its rigid, mineralised structure and inaccessibility of the cellular component located within. This manuscript presents the development of a micron-scale bone organoid prototype, a concept that can allow the study of bone processes at the cell-tissue interface. The model is constructed with a combination of primary female osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, seeded onto femoral head micro-trabeculae, where they recapitulate relevant phenotypes and functions. Subsequently, constructs are inserted into a simulated microgravity bioreactor (NASA-Synthecon) to model a pathological state of reduced mechanical stimulation. In these constructs, we detected osteoclastic bone resorption sites, which were different in morphology in the simulated microgravity group compared to static controls. Once encapsulated in human fibrin and exposed to analogue microgravity for 5 days, masses of bone can be observed being lost from the initial structure, allowing to simulate the bone loss process further. Constructs can function as multicellular, organotypic units. Large osteocytic projections and tubular structures develop from the initial construct into the matrix at the millimetre scale. Micron-level fragments from the initial bone structure are detected travelling along these tubules and carried to sites distant from the native structure, where new matrix formation is initiated. We believe this model allows the study of fine-level physiological processes, which can shed light into pathological bone loss and imbalances in bone remodelling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.