Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34020642›Full record

ReviewCancer cell international2021

Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer diagnosis: looking into the future.

Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Zeeshan Javed, Haleema Sadia, Ijaz A Qureshi, Asma Irshad, Rais Ahmed, Kausar Malik, Shahid Raza, Asif Abbas, Raffaele Pezzani and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancer cell international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
103citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Bibliometric analysis of research on artificial İntelligence applications in breast cancer diagnosis.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2026
    Article
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  20. Use of AI Histopathology in Breast Cancer Diagnosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
    Review

43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Muhammad Javed IqbalDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan.
Zeeshan JavedOffice for Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan. zeeshan_javed456@yahoo.com.
Haleema SadiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan.
Ijaz A QureshiTalon Institute of Higher Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asma IrshadDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Management Sciences and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Rais AhmedDepartment of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Kausar MalikCenter for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Shahid RazaOffice for Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asif AbbasDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan.
Raffaele PezzaniDept. Medicine (DIMED), OU Endocrinology, University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padova, Italy. raffaele.pezzani@gmail.com.
Javad Sharifi-RadPhytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. javad.sharifirad@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-8151

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of mathematical algorithms to mimic human cognitive abilities and to address difficult healthcare challenges including complex biological abnormalities like cancer. The exponential growth of AI in the last decade is evidenced to be the potential platform for optimal decision-making by super-intelligence, where the human mind is limited to process huge data in a narrow time range. Cancer is a complex and multifaced disorder with thousands of genetic and epigenetic variations. AI-based algorithms hold great promise to pave the way to identify these genetic mutations and aberrant protein interactions at a very early stage. Modern biomedical research is also focused to bring AI technology to the clinics safely and ethically. AI-based assistance to pathologists and physicians could be the great leap forward towards prediction for disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. Clinical applications of AI and Machine Learning (ML) in cancer diagnosis and treatment are the future of medical guidance towards faster mapping of a new treatment for every individual. By using AI base system approach, researchers can collaborate in real-time and share knowledge digitally to potentially heal millions. In this review, we focused to present game-changing technology of the future in clinics, by connecting biology with Artificial Intelligence and explain how AI-based assistance help oncologist for precise treatment.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceCancer diagnosisMachine learningTherapeutic interventionsTreatment

Identifiers

PMID34020642
PMCPMC8139146

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.