Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34020605›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2021

Transradial versus transfemoral access for cardiac catheterization: a nationwide pilot study of training preferences and expertise in The United States.

Khalid Changal, Mubbasher Ameer Syed, Ealla Atari, Salik Nazir, Sameer Saleem, Sajjad Gul, F N U Salman, Asad Inayat, Ehab Eltahawy

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Distal access and procedural anticoagulation to prevent radial artery occlusion after coronary angiography - the randomised RAPID trial.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025
    Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Ischemic Stroke Following Transradial Uterine Fibroid Embolization.Interventional radiology (Higashimatsuyama-shi (Japan) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Khalid Changal *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. khalid.changal@utoledo.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0790-8233
Mubbasher Ameer Syed *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Ealla AtariCollege of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Salik NazirDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Sameer SaleemDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Bowling Green, USA.
Sajjad GulInternal Medicine, St. Francis Medical Center, University of Illinois at Peoria, Peoria, USA.
F N U SalmanInternal Medicine, Mercy St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.
Asad InayatDepartment of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Ehab EltahawyProfessor and Program Director of Cardiovascular Medicine and Interventional Cardiology, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., MS 1118, Toledo, 43614, OH, USA. ehab.eltahawy2@utoledo.edu.
University of Toledo · USKhyber Teaching Hospital · PKMercy St. Vincent Medical Center · USSt. Francis Medical Center · USUniversity of Kentucky · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe objective was to assess current training preferences, expertise, and comfort with transfemoral access (TFA) and transradial access (TRA) amongst cardiovascular training fellows and teaching faculty in the United States. As TRA continues to dominate the field of interventional cardiology, there is a concern that trainees may become less proficient with the femoral approach.

methodsA detailed questionnaire was sent out to academic General Cardiovascular and Interventional Cardiology training programs in the United States. Responses were sought from fellows-in-training and faculty regarding preferences and practice of TFA and TRA. Answers were analyzed for significant differences between trainees and trainers.

resultsA total of 125 respondents (75 fellows-in-training and 50 faculty) completed and returned the survey. The average grade of comfort for TFA, on a scale of 0 to 10 (10 being most comfortable), was reported to be 6 by fellows-in-training and 10 by teaching faculty (p < 0.001). TRA was the first preference in 95% of the fellows-in-training compared to 69% of teaching faculty (p 0.001). While 62% of fellows believed that they would receive the same level of training as their trainers by the time they graduate, only 35% of their trainers believed so (p 0.004).

conclusionThe shift from TFA to radial first has resulted in significant concern among cardiovascular fellows-in training and the faculty regarding training in TFA. Cardiovascular training programs must be cognizant of this issue and should devise methods to assure optimal training of fellows in gaining TFA and managing femoral access-related complications.

Indexed as

Cardiac CatheterizationCatheterization, PeripheralEducation, Medical, GraduateFemoral ArteryRadial ArteryAttitude of Health PersonnelCardiologyClinical CompetenceCoronary AngiographyHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPilot ProjectsPuncturesSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesCampeau radial paradoxFemoral accessRadial accessRadial first

Identifiers

PMID34020605
PMCPMC8139069
OpenAlexW3159977148

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.