SynthesisJournal of infection and public health2021
Efficacy and safety of lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Journal of infection and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Newly Emerged Antiviral Strategies for SARS-CoV-2: From Deciphering Viral Protein Structural Function to the Development of Vaccines, Antibodies, and Small Molecules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Drug-Induced Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- QT interval prolongation and its related factors before and after receiving lopinavir-ritonavir in the COVID-19 era: a historical cohort study.Virus research · 2026Article
- Endolysosome-targeted nanoparticle delivery of antiviral therapy for coronavirus infections.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Shedding Light on Dark Chemical Matter: The Discovery of a SARS-CoV-2 MInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Changes in Pharmacological Approach to COVID-19 in a Referral Hospital in Tehran During Two Years.Tanaffos · 2024Article
- The Design, Synthesis and Mechanism of Action of Paxlovid, a Protease Inhibitor Drug Combination for the Treatment of COVID-19.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19-Infection- and Steroid-Treatment-Associated Bone Avascular Necrosis: A Multi-Study Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparative efficacy of repurposed drugs lopinavir-ritonavir and darunavir-ritonavir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: insights from a tertiary centre cohort.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- An Update on SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Trial Results-What We Can Learn for the Next Pandemic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy?Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Review
- A Comparative Study of Antiretroviral (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) and Remdesivir Used in the Pandemic in Iraq on the Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2.Archives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of Cyclodextrins in COVID-19 Therapy-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- COVID-19-related liver injury: Focus on genetic and drug-induced perspectives.World journal of virology · 2023Article
- Long-Term Vaccination and Treatment Strategies for COVID-19 Disease and Future Coronavirus Pandemics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- COVID-19: An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Variants-The Current Vaccines and Drug Development.BioMed research international · 2023Review
- COVID-19-Associated Liver Injury.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2023Review
- Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of nanoparticles in the management of COVID-19: a comprehensive overview.Virology journal · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLopinavir-ritonavir is a repurposed drug for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a pooled effect of lopinavir-ritonavir on mortality, virological cure, radiological improvement and safety profile in COVID-19 patients has been evaluated.
methodsThe databases were searched for comparative randomized controlled studies evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. The mortality outcome was pooled as a risk difference (RD) with 95% CI. The virological cure, radiological improvement and adverse events were pooled as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. All outcomes were pooled using the Mantle-Hanzle method random effect model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the I
resultsOut of 82 full text assessed, seven studies were included in the analysis. The included studies had five different control interventions: supportive care (n=4), umifenovir (arbidol) (n=2), navaferon (recombinant anti-tumour and anti-virus protein) (n=1), lopinavir-ritonavir+novaferon (n=1) and lopinavir-ritonavir+interferon beta 1b+ribavirin (n=1). Lopinavir-ritonavir group did not show significant difference in mortality [RD: 0.00 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.02), I
conclusionThere is no benefit of the addition of lopinavir-ritonavir to the standard care in COVID-19 patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.