ArticleAcademic pediatrics2021
Sex Differences in Maternal Restrictive Feeding Practices in the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories Study.
Article in Academic pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of the Baby-Feed website intervention on diet quality in healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- Mapping What Works to Strengthen the Relational Ecology of Early Child Development: A Systematic Scoping Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Article
- Parent-Reported Measures of Weight-Related Health Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Scoping Review.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between food fussiness and parental feeding behaviors in Chinese children: between- and within-person effects.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Parental weight perception and non-responsive feeding practices in Chinese preschoolers: a prospective longitudinal study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Executive functioning is linked to feeding practices and food insecurity in Head Start mothers.Appetite · 2025Article
- Associations between breastfeeding duration and weight status transitions in early childhood.PloS one · 2025Article
- Es Niño o Niña?: Gender Differences in Feeding Practices and Obesity Risk among Latino Infants.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention effects on child appetite and maternal feeding practices through age 3 years.Appetite · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories tested an early life responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. Body mass index z-score at age 3 years was lower for the RP group versus controls with a larger effect for girls than boys. We sought to determine if child sex was associated with differing maternal feeding practices and whether sex moderated intervention effects on feeding. DESIGN/
methodsMothers (N = 279) completed the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ) at 28 weeks, the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) at 1, 2, and 3 years, and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) at 3 years. Study aims were tested using 2-way analysis of variance and repeated measures.
resultsMothers reported greater restriction (limiting food quantity) for boys at 28 weeks (IFSQ: 3.0 ± 1.1 vs 2.8 ± 1.0, P = .07) and across annual measurements from age 1 to 3 years (SCPF: P = .04). At age 3, the intervention group effect on restriction differed by sex (CFQ: P = .047) such that higher restriction was reported by RP group mothers of boys versus girls (3.4 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.9, P = .002) with no control group sex difference (3.4 ± 0.8 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, P = .79). There were no sex differences or sex by intervention group interactions in other reported feeding practices at any assessment (ie, structure-based feeding, pressure).
conclusionsMothers of boys used more restrictive feeding through age 3. These findings may be partially explained by previously reported better self-soothing and self-regulation abilities of participating girls.
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Registered trials
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